Diabetes Mellitus Is Metabolic Disorders Characterized

02 Nov 2017

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WARNING: This Essay Has No Title! of paper: Study of protein carbonyl group, nitric oxide and MDA (index of lipid peroxidation) as biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Authors and addresses: Vilas U. Chavan1* (M.D.), R. R. Melinkeri2 (M.D.). 1Department of Biochemistry, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Surat ...

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Dexamethasone Role In Surgical Extraction

02 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION: The mandibular third molar is last tooth to erupt and commonly becoming impacted. Its removal is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in dentistry .1 Impacted mandibular third molars are often associated with pericoronitis, periodontitis, cystic lesions, neoplasm, pathologic root resorption and can cause detrimental effects on adjacent tooth.2 Facial ...

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Relationship Between Protein Concentration And Bound Drug Concentration

02 Nov 2017

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The protein concentration used in the experiment ranged between normal plasma serum concentrations to concentrations that demonstrated one to one protein to drug ratio. The binding ratio (B/F) ranged from 0.00 to 1.40 for BSA and 0.00 to 0.80 for AAG, with B representing the bound molar drug concentration, while F represented the free unbound ...

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Closing The Doors On Microleakage

02 Nov 2017

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ABSTRACT Coronal leakage and apical leakage continues to be a topic of great interest, because of the advances in the field of endodontics, clinical failures still exist. Numerous studies have examined this phenomenon, identified many sources of possible contamination and emphasized the role of the clinician in preventing coronal leakage following root canal treatment. Pulpal ...

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Introduction For Brake System

02 Nov 2017

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2.1 Introduction for Brake System Road vehicle rely on the brake system to reduce the speed of the car and eventually to stop the moving car. In a brake system, when the pedal is pressed by the driver the brake pads will be pushed towards the rotating rotor and make contact and hence friction is ...

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The Animal Species In Australia

02 Nov 2017

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Tianyu Shao Paper 2 Draft 1 No more introduced species: Most Destructive Introduced Animal Species in Australia: Feral Cats, Red Foxes, Rabbits, and Cane Toads The geographical isolation of Australia has resulted in the development of many delicate ecosystems that are very sensitive to exotic invaders and in many cases cannot provide natural predators for ...

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Biological Effects Of Visible Light

02 Nov 2017

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Table of Contents Photodermatology Introduction Over the last 3 decades, there were improvements on the study of biological effects of visible light and ultraviolet through the skin, recognising the clinical presentation of light sensitive skin disorders which this study is known as Photodermatology.There are more additions nowadays under the study of photodermatolgy such as photodynamic ...

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Screening Of Growth Inhibition Activities Against G Boninense

02 Nov 2017

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CHAPTER 5 Initially, potato dextrose agar (PDA) agar was used to maintain the stock culture of G. boninense due to the potato dextrose agar contains potato starch, potato infusion and dextrose which support the luxuriant growth of fungi (Difcoâ„¢ & BBLâ„¢ Manual n.d.). PDA can also be supplemented with antibiotics and sterile tartaric acid to ...

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The Biomaterials And Tissue Engineering

02 Nov 2017

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Physical loading is an effective stimulus which is essential to maintaining bone homeostasis. This is carried out partly through the renewal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mechanism by which MSCs sense a biophysical force and translate it into a biochemical bone forming response is carried out through mechanotransduction and to a ...

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Main Functions Of The Urinary System

02 Nov 2017

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The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food both mechanically and by the use of enzymes, so that it can be used by the body for energy and cell growth and repair. The human digestive system consists of a large number of organs and processes with the combined functions of breaking ...

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Analysis Of Dapoxetine In Bulk

02 Nov 2017

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1Sri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimvaram, West Godavari, A.P. 2IST, Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences ,JNTU,Hyderabad 3St Peter’s institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vidyanagar, Hanamkonda, Warangal, A.P. 4Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Madhapur, Hyderabad, A.P. ABSTRACT: A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Dapoxetine ...

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The Oldest Manufactured Products Soap

02 Nov 2017

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Known as one of the oldest manufactured products, soap results from the chemical reaction of an insoluble fatty material with a metal radical or an organic base and was first produced over two thousand years ago by the reaction of animal fats with ashes from plants (Burke, 2006; Zhu et al., 2006; Willcox, 2000). ...

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Cyclophosphamide Therapy For Cancer Patient

02 Nov 2017

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Cyclophosphamide therapy for cancer patient causes various negative side effects including gonadal toxicity which later on lead to infertility problem. It happens as Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent that shows cytostatic effect by formation of DNA adduct. It causes single strand breaks in DNA. It acts upon rapidly dividing cells which ...

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The Experimental Design For Autophagy

02 Nov 2017

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bovine brain homogenate and found on position 3.3 during electrophoresis and thus given the enigmatic name 14-3-3 based on column fractionation and electrophoretic mobility. These being a family of conserved regulatory molecules, bind a wide array of functionally diverse regulatory molecules including transcription factors, biosynthetic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, signaling molecules, apoptosis factors, and tumor suppressors ...

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Field Of Wireless Techniques Pervasively Grows

02 Nov 2017

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As the field of wireless techniques pervasively grows in space-based platforms, radar, wireless communications and personal electronics, the frequency of operation for the electronic devices keeps increasing. As the frequency increases, the signal carrying large bandwidth information becomes more and more directional. To reliably transmit/receive the information in/from certain direction, a beam-forming device that produces ...

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The Importance Of Food Analysis To Promote

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction The analysis of food has grown rapidly in last few years1. Food analysts have derived a great importance in the analysis of food, because this helps to obtain information about the composition, appearance, texture, flavour, shelf life, etc of food1. This has also guaranteed the following: The quality of food produced1. Determine the nutritional ...

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The History Of Nanomaterials

02 Nov 2017

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Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a kind of third generation solar cell which normally contains wide band-gap metal oxide working electrode sensitized by dye molecules. This new molecular solar cell technology has a great potential to achieve low-cost investments, easy fabrication, short energy-payback time and good performance under diffuse light conditions, while also have ...

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The Evidence Based Nutrition

02 Nov 2017

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Assignment One ~ Literature Review Kimberley Williams Evidence Based Nutrition: Raw meat and Bone Diets for Dogs ABSTRACT In recent years there has been an increase in the ownership of the domesticated dog and a change in the feeding habits of our canine friends. Around 60 years ago dogs were eating scraps, carcasses and whatever ...

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Experimental Strategies For The Identification Of Dna Binding Proteins

02 Nov 2017

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Several methods have been used to detect and characterize protein–DNA interactions in vitro, including EMSA, DNase I footprinting, exonuclease III footprinting, southwestern blotting, various chemical protection and interference assays, and ultraviolet cross-linking. However, EMSA is by far the most frequently used, largely because it is technically the easiest and is often the most sensitive. Briefly, ...

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Dementia With Lewy Bodies Dlb

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction Dementia with Lewy-bodies (DLB) is second most common type of Dementia in ageing populations with its prevalence of 30% in Dementia patients being second only to Alzheimer’s disease, and an overall incidence rate of 0.1% in the general population (McKeith et al. 1996, Zachai et al. 2005). In terms of clinical pathology there is ...

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Microorganisms In The Root Canal System

02 Nov 2017

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Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ex vivo antibacterial effect of triantibiotic mixture (TAM) in comparison with calcium hydroxide (CH) in combination with distilled water (DW), chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and colchicine (COL) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm in superficial and deep dentinal tubules. Methods: Seventy five ...

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Estimation For Left Censored Burr Type

02 Nov 2017

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Navid Feroze1* and Muhammad Aslam2 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Allam Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Department of and Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Burr type III is an important distribution used to model the failure time data. The paper addresses the problem of estimation of parameters of the Burr type ...

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The Biopreservation Food Preservation

02 Nov 2017

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Biopreservation entails the preservation of food and food products utilising biological substances (Caplice and Fitzgerald, 1999). It refers to the extension of the shelf-life and the improvement of the safety of foods using microorganisms and/or their metabolites or fermentation products to control spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. It is perceived to be a sustainable and more ...

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Severity Of Cancer Affecting Our Society

02 Nov 2017

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Cancer is nothing but cell multiplication or out of control growth of cells. There are around 100 different types of cancer .These are classified by the kind of cell growth and location. When damaged cells divide uncontrollably cancer affects the body , therefore forming lumps or tumors which are nothing but masses of tissue ...

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Risk Of Long Term Use Of Immunosuppressive Drugs

02 Nov 2017

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Chapter 20 1. There are unique cell recognition proteins on the surface of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that the plant recognizes. (Essentials of Biology) 2. Stomata open when water enters the guard cells and turgor pressure increases, the fog has both oxygen and water which the stomata needs in order to keep the process happening. Chapter ...

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Particle Size And Surface Morphology

02 Nov 2017

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1.8.1. Particle size and surface morphology4, 12 Electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelengths must be used to observe the structures smaller than 1µm. Electron beams present this possibility. The development of electron microscopes has resulted in instruments that are able to routinely achieve magnifications of the order of 1 million and that can disclose details with ...

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Langmuir And Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm Models

02 Nov 2017

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Equilibrium modelling was applied to adsorption results obtained when C0 was varied from 25−100 mg/L at fixed dosage of 20 g/L and optimum pH of 2. Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm models Figures 4.15 shows the Langmuir plots for BSD, SHBSD and SABSD and while Figure 4.16 shows the corresponding Freundlich ...

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The Monitoring And Identification Of Damage

02 Nov 2017

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[1] INTRODUCTION The monitoring and identification of damage at an early stage is a very essential factor of in industries like mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering. The different damage identification methods at present are either visual or localized experimental methods which includes acoustic or ultrasonic methods, magnetic field ...

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Genetic Algorithm Giving Global Maxima

02 Nov 2017

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ABSTRACT Regression testing is testing the software in order to make sure that the modification made on the program lines does not affect the other parts of the software, it is in maintenance phase and accounts for 80% of the maintenance cost, and thus optimizing regression testing is one of the prime motives of software ...

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Duck Septicemia Anserum Exudativa

02 Nov 2017

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CHAPTER 2 The epizootic infectious disease of domestic birds known as "septicemia anserum exsudativa" was first described by Riemer in 1904 ( Rimler, 1904; Sergers et al., 1993). The disease is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (RA). The infection is a serious worldwide problem of natural water fowl and domestic turkey ,duck, and goose populations ...

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Molecular Study Of Genetic Disorder

02 Nov 2017

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The function and behavior of genes, the interrelationship between the information of macromolecules DNA and RNA and how heredity works are the key concerns of molecular genetics (Strachan, 2001). The goal of Geneticists is to understand how the information encoded in genes is transmitted from one generation to the next. They also analyze how little ...

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The Benefits Of Nutrigenomics

02 Nov 2017

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20.1 INTRODUCTION 20.1.1 Definitions and terms Genomics: The study of the genomes of organisms for determining the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping (Balammal, G., 2012) while the genome is the set of all genes, regulatory sequences, and other information contained within the noncoding regions of DNA of an organism (Frederick, P. Roth ...

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Food Allergy And Its Mechanism

02 Nov 2017

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According to the statistics of Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, about 50 millions of Americans suffer from allergy. About 6% of them suffer from food and drug allergy. Approximately 30,000 incidence of food allergy occur every year which need to be taken to hospital. More than 200 people die of food allergy every year ...

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The Type Of Anaemia

02 Nov 2017

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Sickle cell anaemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive disorder, which means both copies of the gene in cell do have the mutations. [3, 4] The allele that responsible for this autosomal recessive can be found on the short arm of the chromosome 11. It needs the presence of two defective genes ...

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Aquifer Incineration Of Municipal Waste

02 Nov 2017

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Course Code: PUBH 7027 Course Name: Course Co-ordinator: Assignment No: Assignment Due Date: STUDENT CONTACT DETAILS Student Number: Student Name: Address: Email address: Telephone: (BH) (AH) Mobile: Program you are enrolled in: (circle) ...

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Novel Polymer Nanometals Carbon Nanofibers Composite Biomaterials

02 Nov 2017

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1. INTRODUCTION The infectious diseases remain a major health problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality. Decrease in morbidity and mortality because of infectious diseases has been recognized because of the introduction of antibiotics in modern medicine. Remarkable success of early-induced antibiotics has attracted attention towards developing new antibiotics. However, these therapeutic agents are resistant to ...

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Relationship Between Fish Nutrition

02 Nov 2017

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The landfills were estimated to be filled up before 2020, if the waste generation rate keeps increasing (EPD, 2013). In 2011, approximately 2528 tonnes of food waste was produced daily; comprising 42.3% of municipal solid waste generated (EPD, 2011). Food wastes are mainly composed of organic matter, anaerobic degradation of it will generate methane gas, ...

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Species Interactions In Ecosystems

02 Nov 2017

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The fundamentallife processes such as growth, nutrition and reproduction depend extremely on the interactions between individuals of same species (intraspecific) or of different species (interspecific).Some of the interactions or associations are beneficialto each other and some areharmfulor some may be neutral. The various types of possible interactions/associations can be: A. Neutral ...

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Methods For Hiv Prevention

02 Nov 2017

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HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4+ T cells and this leads to the weakness in the immune system and there by allows opportunistic infections. We find that T cells are very essential to the immune response and so there by without them the body is not able to fight infections and kill cancerous ...

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Significance Of Discoveries In Genetics And Dna

02 Nov 2017

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Emma Barnes BIO1020 S05 Santosha Oliver Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Long before factual evidence had shown that DNA materials were accountable for genetic inheritance; it was assumed that proteins had controlled the genetics of living things. since there were so many different expressed traits. Biologist believed that since DNA is a very ...

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Multiple Sclerosis Is A Chronic Inflammatory Disease

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), where the body’s immune system attacks the white matter within the brain or spinal cord.1 The disease process induces inflammation in the CNS which may subsequently lead to demyelination, axonal damage and progressive neurological deterioration.1,2 The cause of MS remains ...

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Changes In Visual Evoked Potentials

02 Nov 2017

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BACKGROUND: The visual evoked potential (VEP) is an electrical signal generated by the occipital visual cortex in response to stimulation of the retina either by light flashes or pattern stimuli. Since there are various factors affecting the ...

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Deryaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek

02 Nov 2017

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1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. 2Polymer Nanocomposite Laboratory, Material Physics Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, TN, India. Corresponding author: Kalim Deshmukh Email: [email protected] Abstract: In the present investigation, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed and stabilized in ...

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The Surface Plasmon Resonance

02 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION Surface plasmon resonance is an optical phenomenon that occurs when a light beam passes from a material having a high refractive index(a glass prism) into a material with a lower index. In this case, the light is bent towards the interference plane. Total internal reflection occurs when light strikes the surface at a greater ...

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The Performance Appraisal Of Dhanlaxmi Bank Ltd

02 Nov 2017

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N-045Industry Name: Finance - Banks - Private Sector Dhanlaxmi Bank is one of the oldest private sector banks in India, being in operations from the year 1927.It has a major presence in Kerala, especially in the field of micro-credit. The total asset base of the bank is Rs.14628 Cr. Corporate, Retail and Treasury are the ...

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Microscopic Techniques And Its Usefulness For Studying Materials

02 Nov 2017

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The science of microscopy has a history that spans more than 1900 years. Spread across countries and many different disciplines, it is widely accepted that the development of this branch of scientific analysis has a history rooted in the first century A.D. It was noticed by Romans, experimenting with clear glass of different sizes and ...

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Diabetes Is A Multifactorial Disease

02 Nov 2017

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ABSTRACT Diabetes is a multifactorial disease associated with serious comorbidities. This condition has been related to oxidative stress and, as a consequence, to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be produced by different sources during diabetes. Excessive production of ROS can be harmful, making antioxidant defenses of vital importance. Dietary antioxidants, ...

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Causes Of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

02 Nov 2017

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The uterus consists of two layers. The inner layer that is thinner is called as endometrium. The thicker and outer layer is called as myometrium. In the menstruating women, the endometrium gets thickened every month when the uterus is preparing for the pregnancy. If the pregnancy does not result then the endometrial lining will be ...

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Natural Polymers Of Sugars

02 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION The generalised name for a class of sweet-flavored substances used as food is Sugar. They are carbohydrates and are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The various types of sugar derived from different sources as simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose fructose and galactose. The granulated sugar most customarily used as ...

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Novel Compounds Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

02 Nov 2017

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Niteesh kanungo (12msb0117), Prof. Dr. Siva Kumar A. Email - [email protected] Abstract- DNA Gyrase find out to be very important in validating the development of various antibacterial compounds. Fluoroquinolones are already existing inhibitors of DNA gyrase. In treatment of tuberculosis. Fluoroquinolones accounted to be a class of compounds with pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial properties against many ...

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Central Composite Design Optimization

02 Nov 2017

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Arpita Ghosh*a , Keka Sinhab, Dr. Papita Das (Saha)b aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, India bBiotechnology Department, National Institute of Technology – Durgapur, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The ability to remove Cu+2 ions from aqueous solution using calcium oxide (Ca(OH)2) treated orange peel was investigated in the present ...

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Combined Formulation Of Grape Seed Extract

02 Nov 2017

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1Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, Karnataka (India) [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) at the dose of 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and ...

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The Tissue Engineering And Regenerative Medicine

02 Nov 2017

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1. Discuss the importance of mechanotransduction in tissue engineering. What factors should be considered when biomechanically engineering functional tissues. The purpose of tissue engineering is to repair or replace tissues and organs by delivering cells, scaffolds, DNA and proteins. Previous studies have planned that for the repair of tissue defects, remote and expanded cells ...

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What Is Acute Renal Failure

02 Nov 2017

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What is acute renal failure? Acute renal failure or acute renal injury occurs when the kidney loses its function in a rapid manner instead of gradually, which is seen in chronic renal failure. There are 3 different types of acute renal failure: Prerenal failure: problem occurs before the blood enters the kidney. Renal failure: problem ...

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Computational Modelling Of High Impact Loading

02 Nov 2017

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and Fragmentation of Concrete Robert Da_ern School of Engineering Cardi_ University Da_ernR@cardi_.ac.uk April 10, 2013 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Importance of Studying High Impact Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Aim of this Thesis . . . . . . . . ...

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The Treatment Of Osteoarthritis

02 Nov 2017

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Arachidonic acid’s biotransformation via the LOX (lipoxygenase) and COX pathways lead to the production of the inflammation meditator family known as the Eicosanoids. The enzyme cyclooxygenase which occurs as two isoforms: COX-1 and COX-2, is involved in the production of prostaglandins as part of the rate limiting step. Rofecoxib and other selective COX-2 inhibitors showed ...

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The Variability In The Acenocoumarol Dose Requirement

02 Nov 2017

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Abstract Much of the variability in the acenocoumarol dose requirement is associated with genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 and GGCX genes. However, their association with the acenocoumarol dose in South Indian patients under anticoagulant therapy has not been studied. A total of 230 patients were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ...

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Dead End And Cross Flow Operation

02 Nov 2017

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An other explanation of membrane is a layer of material that serves as a selective barrier between two phases and remains impermeable to specific particles, molecules, or substances when exposed to the action of a driving force. Membranes can have thickness, with homogeneous or heterogeneous structure. Membrane can also be classified according to their ...

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Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Oil

04 Oct 2017

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study According to Tzortzakis & Economakis, (2007) and Arshad et al. (2014), essential oils are volatile, complex mixes with have a solid smell and also structured by fragrant plants as secondary metabolites. Essential oil can be retrieved from plant parts such as buds, leaves, wood, bark, herbs, flowers, twigs, seeds and whole fruit by extraction technique such as steam distillation, cold pressing or ...

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Effect of Momordica Fruits on Diabetic Complications

20 Sep 2017 26 Sep 2017

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Effect of Momordica charantia fruits on Diabetic Complications Introduction   Momordica Charantia (Cucurbitaceae) or Bitter Melon, is a Tropical vegetable, is a common food in Indian cusine and has been used extensively in folk medicine (Dasgupta, 2011). In Ayurveda, the fruit is considered as tonic, stomachic, stimulant, emetic, antibilous, laxative and alterative. Bitter melon has been used in various Asian traditional medicine systems for a ...

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Comparison Between Male and Female Homeostasis

20 Sep 2017 26 Sep 2017

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The Comparison between male and female and the effects of homeostasis after exercise     Table of Content Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………… Purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………………… Materials……………………………………………………………………………………………… Variables………………………………………………………………………………………………. Methods……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment (Splash ABC, 2013 ). The internal environment is cells within the body that are all bathed in tissue fluid to function the best they can. ...

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Quantitative Assessment of Fungi and Bacteria in Air

20 Sep 2017 26 Sep 2017

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Quantitative Assessment of Fungi and bacteria in air inside Bradford Apartment Abstract The experiment was conducted from the week from 10/26/2014 to 11/02/2014 at the Bradford apartments. Different types of agar media were used to estimate and quantitatively assess fungi and bacteria in air within an air-conditioned apartment unit. Fungi are essential to our environment, due to their function of decomposing organic materials. Nevertheless, airborne fungal ...

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Grapefruit Interactions with Drugs

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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What is Grapefruit? Grapefruit, a relative newcomer to citrus clan, has a fascinating history. It is a large orange berry with a thick rind. It is the belief of the most botanists that grapefruit is a naturally occurring accidental hybrid between pomelo and orange. It is believed that, although its appearance is very much different from an ordinary grape, the name ‘grapefruit’ was used because they ...

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UV Visible Spectrophotometry and Solution Absorption

23 Mar 2015 25 Sep 2017

10 (3,992 )

All molecules absorb light at certain wavelengths.  The absorption of light by a solution may be used to determine the concentration of a solute or a mixture of solutes in solution. The Beer-Lambert law refers to the linear relationship between absorbance (A), and concentration (C) of an absorbing species. According to the two fundamental principals that govern the absorption of light by a solution, the absorption of ...

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Urinalysis of Four Urine Samples

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Urinalysis Practical Background: As you have learned, the urinary system performs many vital functions in the body including: Regulating blood volume and pressure by regulating water excretion, Regulating plasma ion/solute concentrations by adjusting urine composition, Assisting blood pH stabilisation, Removing nitrogenous waste, Conserving water and important nutrients and Assisting the liver in detoxifying poisons. Therefore, analysing a sample of urine from a person can ...

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The Structure of DNA

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Genetics is the study of the qualities that are inherited and transmitted to the offspring from the parents during reproduction. Parents pass traits to their offspring, making the basis of heredity. The inherited traits are coded for in genes, which are the inherited elements. Genes are the functional units of DNA. Through genetics, biologists and other scientists get to understand the processes and principles of heredity, ...

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Effect of Electromagnetic Field of Mobile Phones on Ears

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Introduction Mobile phones have become indispensable as communication tools in the present world. From 1990 to 2013, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6.8 billion, penetrating more than 95% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid to cater to the lower socioeconomic groups as well (International Telecomunication union, Geneva). The Indian telecom industry has undergone market liberalization ...

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Isolation of Casein from Milk and Powdered Milk

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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1.1 Introduction (Walsh, 2002) stated that, proteins are biological macromolecules composed of amino acids .proteins consist of one or more polypeptide which are the chain of amino acids interconnected by peptide bonds.Alberts et al., (2013) detailed that, amino acids of proteins is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic in nature. Therefore the resulting polypeptide chain shows an amphipathic characteristic. Hydrophilic amino acids exist peripherally in some biological system ...

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Effect of Light Colour on the Rate of Photosynthesis

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

8 (3,167 )

The effect of Light Colour on the Rate of Photosynthesis To what extent does the colour of light have on the rate of photosynthesis on Cabomba Aquatica plants? Background knowledge: Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in all plants including bacteria and algae. They utilize the energy provided by the sun to produce energy in the form of glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is vital for the ...

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Effect of Alcohol & Caffeine Concentration on Daphnia Magna

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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The Effect of Alcohol and Caffeine Concentrations on Daphnia Magna Abstract The target of this experiment was to study the effects of alcohol and caffeine on the heart, using the Daphnia Magna as the test subject. The hypothesis was: Increasing the concentration of caffeine in which the Daphnia Magna is submerged will cause its heart rate to increase, while increasing the concentration of alcohol in which ...

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Quantification of Chicken Egg White Albumin

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Standard curve Preparation for Quantification of Chicken Egg white albumin using Bradford assay Quantifying protein concentration is a very significant process for analyzing protein. It is essential in order to identify, characterize, and purify proteins, and this can also be use in medical researches by aiding in diagnosis of certain diseases. There are several of methods that can be use for protein quantification. Each has its ...

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Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome in Fast-growing Broilers

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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This study investigated variations of plasma angiotensin II and gene expression of renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the heart of pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Plasma angiotensin II was significantly increased at 28 days of age (P< 0.05). Transcripts of renin and ACE in the right ventricle of the treated groups were increased at 12 days and decreased at 42 ...

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Protein Denaturation of Egg White and Milk: Experiment

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Introduction: Proteins are the secondary crucial food components while carbohydrates are primary ones. However, proteins must be denatured their natural structure to be unfolded before the digestion. [ 1 ]In the practical, the denaturation of egg white and milk were examined. The white of an egg is a solution of protein in water which depends upon stable interactions with the protein active groups. Factors which influence ...

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Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

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Exercise 1: Moist and dry heat How are microorganisms destroyed by moist heat? By dry heat? Moist: Destroys the structure and organisms by destroying with heat. The combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually 121°C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes. Dry: Kills organisms using oxidation methods. Most resistant of the spores requires a temperature of 121°C for around two ...

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Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

5 (1,931 )

Parasite-Induced Changes in Host Behaviour: Is it Truly Parasitic Manipulation? Introduction Behavioural changes in the host when infected with a parasite were first observed in 1952, when van Dobben discovered that fish caught by cormorants (waterbird) were more likely to play intermediate host to the cestode, Ligula intestinalis than fish caught by fishermen (cited in Thomas et al., 2005). However it wasn’t until 1972 that the ...

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Monoclonal Antibodies as a Therapeutic Approach for Cancer

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

6 (2,334 )

INTRODUCTION Monoclonal anti-body cancer therapy is one of the most suitable therapeutic approach for hematologic malignancies and solid tumours for the past several years. This therapy of monoclonal anti-body join target cell, increase immune system, kills affected cells and slows tumour growth in patient. It is a laboratory produce mixture of homogenous anti-body molecules with empathy towards a particular antigen being generated by using a hybridoma ...

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Molecular Genetics of Cancer

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

8 (3,117 )

MOLECULAR GENETICS OF CANCER 13.1 INTRODUCTION It has been established that cancer is a genetic disease, characterized by interplay of mutant form of the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes leading to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells. While some of the mutant genes may be inherited, others occur in the somatic cells of the individuals, which can divide and form tumour. Completion of Human ...

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Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

8 (3,073 )

ABSTRACT Diffusion is the process where molecules spread into spaces. It was observed that the formation of ammonium chloride was near the hydrochloric acid meaning the ammonia diffused faster. One factor that affects the rate of it is the molecular weight of a substance. If molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate ...

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Effect of pH on Percent Oxygen Saturation of Haemaglobin

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

9 (3,213 )

Abstract The purpose of this lab was to determine the effect of changes in the pH and the partial pressure of oxygen on haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen and percent oxygen saturation in the Bos taurus blood. At a lower pH (6.8) with a 21mmHg p50 value, it was found that the oxygen dissociation curve shifted to the right, which indicates that the Bohr Effect causes haemoglobin ...

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Marine Fungi: Glycolipidomics

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

4 (1,516 )

MARINE FUNGI: GLYCOLIPIDOMICS Introduction Marine fungi are saprophytic or heterotrophic form of filamentous spore forming eukaryote microorganisms are extensively lives in the marine or estuarine ecosystem. The characterization and diversity of the marine fungi can be studied by the direct observation of morphological structure and next generation sequencing. Taxonomically characterized marine fungi are belongs to either facultative or obligate forms. Facultative forms are originally sourced from ...

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Case Study: Liver Disease

03 Oct 2016 25 Sep 2017

5 (1,605 )

Case study  – Liver Disease Introduction A 60 year old woman with a history of hepatitis B and cirrhosis presents with oedema and constipation. The GP takes the following tests on her and these are the results. Albumin 30g/L Platelet count <1x10^11 platelets per litre.(portal hypertension) Alpha – fetoprotein 450 ng/mL Test results The test results can be used for analysis to clarify what ...

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Effects of Drinking Water on the Brain

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

10 (3,678 )

Chapter 2   Literature Review 2.0 Effects of water on the body. 2.0.1 Energy level. In order to increase energy level, the human body has to be kept hydrated constantly. The human brain is mostly made up of water hence it is of utmost importance that we keep our brain hydrated to obtain maximum productivity and alertness (Simonds,N.D). A well hydrated body will create higher ...

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Critical Analysis of Ageing Biomarkers

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

7 (2,441 )

Introduction Biomarkers have been used since 1980, in aging and age related diseases. The use of biomarkers helps increase the understanding of a disease and help in diagnosis. Biomarkers can investigate a disease from early manifestations to final stages and can characterise biological age. Aging results in the deterioration of functional capacity and exposes people to diseases over time. The biomarkers should be measurable in the ...

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Complications of Concussion

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

7 (2,418 )

Concussions in Sports and The complications Concussions may have on a Person Abstract This paper is going to discuss concussions in sports and the complications this may have on a person in later portions of life. Concussions can happen at any time or in anyway. Someone can be playing on the swings and falls off the swings and can receive a concussion if they hit their ...

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Role of Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

23 Mar 2015 21 Sep 2017

6 (2,042 )

Bacteria are unicellular micro-organisms that are found everywhere on earth. They are classified under prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are organisms which do not have a membrane bound nucleus unlike eukaryotes which possess a well formed nucleus. Though the bacteria do not possess the nucleus, they have genetic material in their DNA. The bacterial DNA is found in their cytoplasm. Though bacteria can cause diseases, only a small percentage of ...

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Hematological Values in Young Adults

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

6 (2,077 )

A study on complete Blood cell count in young healthy Medical individuals xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Abstract Background: complete blood cell count is a frequently used laboratory test for the diagnosis of several diseases, in health examination and preoperative evaluation. The values of hematological parameters are affected by a number of factors even in apparently healthy population. Recently it was reported that white blood cell count and platelet counts ...

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Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,820 )

Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis Introduction Essential oils are widely gaining interest a component in medicinal products, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. Many studies were conducted to identify the antimicrobial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from plants. Essential oils have many therapeutic activities and they aid the distribution of drugs and antiseptics. Furthermore, ...

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Cytopathic Effects as a Result of Infection of E-coli

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

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Analysis of cytopathic effects as a result of infection of Escherichia coli by T4 bacteriophage using spectrophotometry and plaque assay Abstract T4 bacteriophage is a double stranded DNA virus that infects Escherichia coli and is an important tool in research and study of genetics. It contains about 168,800 base pairs of DNA. It has an icosahedral capsid as its head that contains its nucleic acid and ...

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Adaptive Immune Response

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

6 (2,045 )

Adaptive Response Abstract Adaptive immunity is an important part of the immune system. It is the third line of defense in the human body, which includes highly specialized systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic growth. Once external barriers have been compromised and inflammation (innate immunity) has been activated, the adaptive response is called into action (Huether & McCance, 2012). It develops slower than ...

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Activation of the G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

8 (2,970 )

Activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor ameliorates salt-induced vascular remodeling Abstract The mRen2.Lewis (mRen2) female rat is an estrogen- and salt-sensitive model of hypertension which may reflect the higher pressure and salt sensitivity associated with menopause. We previously showed in salt-loaded mRen2 female rats that activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) does not lower blood pressure but attenuates renal damage. The current study ...

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Is Chlorophyll Necessary for Starch Formation?

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,750 )

Part A: Researching and Planning Experiment 1: Is Chlorophyll necessary for starch formation? Finding out what is needed for plant cells to undergo photosynthesis, we need to test for the necessary factors in which starch forms. Glucose is what is stored as starch in the mitochondria which is broken down later as energy. It is believed that most plants need light, CO2, chlorophyll and water to ...

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Osmotic Effect of Different Solutions on Red Blood Cells

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,802 )

ABSTRACT In this lab we wanted to understand the osmotic effect that varying solute concentration has on erythrocytes. Osmosis is the way water molecules pass a selectively permeable membrane down a concentration gradient. Osmosis was demonstrated when six different solutions of glucose, sodium chloride and distilled water were mixed with red blood cells and the clarity of the solution against printed text was recorded and viewed ...

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Patterns of Inheritence in Drosophila Melanogaster

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

17 (6,589 )

The Fruit Flies of Melanogaster   Introduction:   Many simple patterns of inheritance follow the laws of Mendel. Dominant traits will always be expressed when present, and recessive traits will only be expressed when two recessive alleles are present. When crossing a pure homozygous dominant trait with a pure homozygous recessive trait as the P generation, it is expected that all the offspring ...

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Introduction to Toxicology

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

7 (2,514 )

Introduction to Toxicology: The science of Toxicology consists of the study of biology, chemistry, and medicine, that is concerned with study of harmful; effects of chemicals on living organisms. It also studies the harmful effects of the chemical, biological and the physical agents in biological systems that establish the extent of damage in living organisms. The relationship between the given dose and its effects on the ...

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Adaptation of the Fennec Fox to the Desert

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,828 )

How the fennec fox (Vulpes zedra) has adapted to the desert environment. The fennec fox is the smallest member of the Vulpes genus (formally in the Fennecus genus) only weighing 2.2 – 3.3 lbs. It is highly distinguishable by its huge ears measuring 6 inches, and a body length of up to 16 inches. It is a nocturnal animal that stays in its burrow and rests ...

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How is Homeostasis Maintained?

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,673 )

We all know that homeostasis maintenance is critical to the survival of the human body. The human body can survive major conditions from freezing cold to excessively hot as long as the body can maintain its homeostasis. We will review the different areas of the homeostasis and how it functions both together with other systems and along. We will discover how homeostasis is the maintenance of ...

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Defence Against Pathogenic Organisms

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

11 (4,301 )

1. Defined in the dictionary as ‘a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. Which can then be divided into different categories, - bacterium, virus, fungus and finally protozoa. Bacteria can be in the form of many sizes and can cause such things as cholera and typhoid fever. The virus type of pathogens are much smaller than bacteria and have a ‘fragment of genetic ...

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How Do Abiotic Factors Influence the Rate of Photosynthesis?

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

11 (4,126 )

  I. Background Research Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants, algae and cyanobacteria use the energy of sunlight to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll. Organisms need complex carbon compounds to build the structure of their cells and to process essential and vital procedures. Some organisms are able to form all the carbon compounds they need using only light ...

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Co-ordination and Control of the Excretory System

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

6 (2,324 )

Homeostasis, Co-ordination and Control and the Excretory system. Homeostasis is when a living being keeps control of the internal bodily conditions to keep the inside the “same”. It maintains things such as the bodies temperature at around 37 degrees, keeps the blood amount at around 5 liters and maintains water amount inside the body. All these can change due to different conditions, such as, the temperature outside or ...

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Genetic Variation of Taste Receptors

03 Oct 2016 21 Sep 2017

5 (1,998 )

Abstract: The people have different behaviour to choose the food, and there are many factors that affect the food choices. The best significant factor to choose the food is taste. Differences in taste perception of several taste modalities are associated to difference in the taste receptors. Polymorphisms of the genes that encoding these taste receptors may clarify these unpredictability in taste perception. Individual changes in the ...

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