Anti-inflammatory Function of Gut Macrophages

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Colonic mucosa is a very peculiar immunological site daily exposed to a huge amount of harmless antigens. It is important for the immune system to be able to recognize this innocuous antigens from pathogens. Among all the immune cells, CX3CR1+ macrophages exploit this critical role. In this commentary on our recent publication on Immunobiology (Non-redundant role of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in the anti-inflammatory function ...

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Obesity Phenotype in Bbs Mice

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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3.1 In vivo Obesity is one of the central features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome which in recapitulated in almost all Bbs mice models. The increased weight gain in BBS patients and in BBS mouse models has been attributed to increased food intake and potentially increased accumulation of adipose tissue [2].As numerous studies have shown, hyperphagic obesity results from deregulated food intake mechanisms where the hypothalamus plays ...

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Phosphate Uptake Process

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Introduction Whilst soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are major limitations to agricultural production systems in the SAT, phosphorus (P) deficiency also limits crop growth on many soils. The cost and availability of phosphatic fertilizers to the majority of farmers in the region restrict their use. Attention has, therefore, turned to making more efficient use of the soil phosphate reserves by seeking crop genotypes and management ...

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Engineering Genetic Logic Circuits for Cancer Cell

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v27/n12/full/nbt1209-1071.html http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/documents/publications/syntheticbiologyroadmap-pdf/ (Accessed 11 10 2016) Engineering genetic logic circuits for cancer cell recognition and treatment Over the past 60 years, the field of molecular biology has experienced significant advances. Following the genomic revolution, genetic engineering enabled to modify endogenous gene networks using technologies such as site-directed mutagenesis, DNA recombination, DNA sequencing, synthesis and others. Now, after rigorous engineering, the field of synthetic was born ...

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Genetic Diversity and QoI Fungicide Resistance

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Study of genetic diversity and QoI fungicide resistance in frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) from Tennessee Introduction Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), caused by the fungal pathogen C. sojina Hara, was first identified in Japan in 1915 and South Carolina, the United States in 1924 (Lehman 1928; Phillips 1999). FLS is an important foliar disease of soybean although symptoms can appear ...

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Asymmetry and Polymorphism of Hybrid Male Sterility

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Kimberly Woosley Critical Review: Asymmetry and Polymorphism of Hybrid Male Sterility During the Early Stages of Speciation in House Mice In this study, the researchers sought to determine the genetic cause of male sterility in house mice when there was interbreeding among different but related species. The researchers took two breeds of two species of house mice, musculus and domesticus, and cross-bred wild-type with classic ...

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Careers in Biomedical Engineering

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINNERING Biomedical Engineering is a branch of engineering which combines biology and medicine with engineering principles and mechanics for the enhancement of advanced health care treatment and numerous breakthroughs in medicine. Bioengineer is a cross-disciplinary field which requires skills and knowledge to understand, define and solve biomedical and clinical problems through engineering sciences. Biomedical Engineers works on various sector within bioengineering i.e. tissue engineering, ...

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Bacterial Transformation Efficiency: E.Coli with pGLO

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Bacterial Transformation Efficiency in E.Coli with pGLO Plasmids By: Richard Stone Introduction "The conversion of one genotype into another by the introduction of exogenous DNA (that is, bits of DNA from an external source) is termed transformation. The transformation was discovered in Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1928 by Frederick Griffith; in 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty demonstrated that the ...

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Structure and Factors of the Central Nervous System

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Assessor As allocated Diploma Health professions Subject Biology Student Hayley Sterling This work is my own      Task 18 You should describe the structure of: The Central Nervous System The brain and spinal ...

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Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Neural and hormonal mechanisms in aggression include the roles of the limbic system, serotonin and testosterone. Neural mechanisms in aggression: The Limbic system-inside the brain lies a network of structures known as the limbic system. Within the limbic system, it involves many structures such as the amygdala, cingulate gyrus, fornix and the hypothalamus. The most significant structure is the amygdala because it plays a key ...

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Effects of Antifungal Agents for Fungi and Tumor Cells

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Literary Summary of "Effects of Antifungal Agents and γ Interferon on Macrophage Cytotoxicity for Fungi and Tumor Cells". The experimenters in this journal describe the influence of antifungal agents on acquisition of the activated state of the microphage. Stating that the macrophages modify their activity in response to the microbes in an infection. The experimenters continue to state that metabolic functions are factors that may ...

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Combination Adjuvant Platform for Human and Animal Vaccines

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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A novel combination adjuvant platform for human and animal vaccines Ravendra Garg, Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Volker and Gerdts Abstract Adjuvants are critical component of vaccines. They are being used to enhance and extend the overall immune response, to drive the response towards a specific type of immunity, and to reduce the need for multiple booster immunizations. Here we report the development of ...

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Hemp Production in Manitoba

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Hemp was first cultivated in Canada in 1998, and currently you must apply to grow hemp through Manitoba Health for a yearly permit and follow their guidelines. The regulations require you to get the hemp tested for THC levels to ensure they are under 0.3% on the plant and less than 10ppm residue in products derived from the hemp. (Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance, n.d.)If you ...

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Mechanism of Mesothelial -Mesenchymal Transition (MMT)

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Mesothelial cells play a vital role in maintaining the structure of peritoneal membrane and peritoneal homeostasis. During long term peritoneal dialysis, prolonged exposure of peritoneum membrane to peritoneal dialysis solution causes peritoneal fibrosis. Bioincompatible dialysis fluid causes mesothelial cells to undergo uncontrolled mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition triggered by Transforming growth factor-β1, which leads morphological and functional disruption of membrane. This literature review is about mechanism of mesothelial ...

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Strategies to Improve Biodiversity Crisis

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Shannon Stubbs Biodiversity Crisis Ireland, though famous for its greenery and beautiful scenery, has a culture of natural resource exploitation. Activities such as deforestation, agriculture and removal of peatlands/ bogs have harmed the country's natural resources. Ireland has an extensive history of deforestation, spanning hundreds of years. Around 1390, significant deforestation due to land clearing for agriculture took place and continued until there was just ...

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Skin Functions, Structure and Relationship with the Body

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Section D Describe the main function of the skin, its structure and the relationship between the skin, circulatory and nervous system Draw a label diagram of the skin and describe its structures and key parts (See diagram attached) The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It has three layers; the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis Google images (2016) ...

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Estimation of Northern Bobwhite Densities in South Texas

07 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Principal Investigators Bart M. Ballard, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363. Fidel Hernández, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 Leonard A. Brennan, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are a wide-ranging species and are commonly hunted throughout Texas. Their population has been declining since ...

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Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Introduction The coronary artery supplies the blood to the heart muscles to enrich it with oxygen and other nutrients. It also carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart. The coronary artery consists of 2 main arteries; the right coronary artery which supplies blood to the right ventricles and right atrium and the left coronary artery which supplies blood to the left ventricles and ...

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International Joint Venture Performance Resource Diversity

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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A STUDY OF RESOURCE BASED VIEW: HOW DOES RESOURCE DIVERSITY AND RESOURCE SHARING AFFECT INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE (IJV) PERFORMANCE? ABSTRACT The study of resource based view (RBV) has transcended the limited focus of a single firm by arguing that RBV can be applied to the area of strategic alliance. As the most instrumental alliance form, IJVs are susceptible to the resource characteristics of parent firms. ...

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Analysis of Polysaccharides Experiment

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Performer: Aylin NEBOL Partners' names: Ceylan Nur BULUT & Dila ERDEM & Ceren KURT INTRODUCTION A positive control group is the group that is expected to have positive results and tells whether the protocol is functioning as planned or not. Negative control groups are expected to have negative results and according its results, again, it is understood that if the procedure has flaws. Test group ...

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Cellular Fractionation Experiment

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Performer: Aylin NEBOL Partner's name: Dila ERDEM INTRODUCTION Centrifuge is a laboratory device that spins objects which are put inside it in a fixed rotation with very high speeds and uses centrifugal force to move the objects outward. In centrifugation process two different measurement units are used: RPM and RCF. Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) is the measurement of how many revolutions the centrifuge completes in one ...

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Effect of Liquid Tumeric Extract on carcass Production

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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  The effect of liquid tumeric extract supplementation on carcass production and chemical quality of broiler meat M. Hidayat1, Zuprizal1, Sundari2, A. Kurniawati1, A. K. Wati3 and A. Kusmayadi4 1Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agroindustry, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jl. Wates Km 10 Yogyakarta -Indonesia 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty ...

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Histomorphometric Evaluation of Mice Testicular Tissue

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Histomorphometric Evaluation of Mice Testicular Tissue Fixed by Two Types of Fixatives Mustafa J. Jalil *, Anmar S. M. *, Muhammad D. Salman * * Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal and Fish Research Center Abstract: In histopathological evaluation, tissue samples are fixed, processed, embedded, and sectioned before being stained. Fixation is the foundation step behind the study of pathology. Routine testicular tissue fixation in ...

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Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of MS

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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(Syed Ali Sabtain) Currently, there are six new drugs that are being assessed by clinical scientists and some of these drugs have entered or completed phase 2 level and phase 3 level clinical trials. Three of these drugs are oral drugs and they include Lanquinimod, Teriflumomide and Di-methyl fumarate. The other three are monoclonal antibodies (mAb) namely Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab and Rituximab (Borrero et al, 2012). ...

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Maximal versus Submaximal Oxygen Consumption

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Bree Dela Rosa Results     Table 1.  Estimated VO2 max versus the measured VO2 max of a 28-year-old male college student performing a YMCA Cycle Test. Watts Heart Rate (HR) Estimated VO2 Max Measured VO2 Max Stage 1 50 82 Stage ...

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Effects of Exercise as a Treatment for Depression

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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The objective of the literature review is, to examine research to find if using exercise as a treatment for depression has an effect. Depression affects a lot of people and is commonly treated with medicines and therapy (DeRubies, Siegle, Hollon, 2008) but exercise is rarely used as treatment. The aim of this review is to explore the efficiency of exercise being used as a treatment. ...

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Taxonomy System and Linnaean System

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Since the early life of human beings, we have grouped organisms into classifications for many different reasons related to science. "The classification systems are very important because it allows scientists to easily identify and group organisms"(socratic.org,2017). "Scientist usually group them by judging the degrees of their similarities and differences that are seen"(study.com,2017), Organism groups have been organised into groups by using systems called the taxonomy ...

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Anopheles Stephensi Tissue-restricted Expression

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Tissue-restricted expression and alternative splicing revealed by transcriptome profiling of Anopheles stephensi Sreelakshmi K. Sreenivasamurthy1,2, Anil Madugundu1,3, Arun Kumar Patil1,4,5, Gourav Dey1,2, Ajeet Kumar Mohanty6, Manish Kumar1,2, Krishna Patel1, Charles Wang7, Ashwani Kumar6, Akhilesh Pandey1,8,9,10,11, T. S. Keshava Prasad1,2,4,* 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India 2Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India 3Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India ...

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Heteroplasmy and Response Against Azoxystrobin in Cercospora

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Introduction The quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) or Strobilurin is one of the most important fungicides used to control fungal and some Oomycetes pathogens in agricultural crops. This class of fungicide was first isolated from a wood-rotting fungus called Strobilurus tenacellus. Several chemically modified derivatives of natural fungicide, Strobilurin A, are available which are more stable, efficacious, less harmful to human and environment. These fungicides are ...

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Effects of Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a on Proliferation of HEK293 Cell

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Letong YUAN 30/03/2017 1. Outline how you decided how many cells, how many wells and how much Wnt to use.  Please do not repeat anything in the protocols - your answer should just explain concisely and clearly how and why you designed the experiment in the way that you did (250 words max). We were provided with three cell lines but we decided to investigate ...

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Importance of Cell Cultures

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Introduction Cell culture is an extremely widely used process by which cells are removed from their natural environment and grown artificially under controlled and monitored conditions. It occurs in vitro, or in glass, more specifically in multicellular eukaryotic cells. The cells may be removed from their habitat directly and disaggregated with enzymes or mechanically before harvesting, or they may be a derivative of a cell ...

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Campylobacter and E.Coli

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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The species Campylobacter is part of the family Campylobacteriaceae and contains 16 species. The Campylobacter spp. is one of the most common agents of bacterial gastroenteritis (campylobacteriosis) in Europe, with 1% of the European population becoming infected each year  (around nine million infections annually in the European Union (EFSA, 2011)), costing the EU economy approximately €2.4 billion (EFSA, 2012; Humphrey et al., 2007) whilst in ...

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Application of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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The Application of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms In Pediatric Nursing Practice Krista Kelly Introduction Every human being regardless of age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or physical ability will experience pain or unpleasant symptoms at some point in their lives. Pain can be defined as an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage (International Association for the Study of Pain, ...

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Evolution of Respiratory Systems

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Jonathan Codd Respiration in animals is a necessity as it allows the exchange of respiratory gases that are required for survival. There are huge variations in the designs of respiratory systems and each has evolved due to selective pressures in environments, such as food and territory. The evolution of species is driven in part by limited resources and the adaptations in which these can be ...

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Active Chemical Ingredients in Topical First Aid Treatments

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTIVE CHEMICAL INGREDIENTS IN TOPICAL FIRST AID TREATMENTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Aim The aim of this investigation is to experimentally determine which first aid product and its active ingredients are most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, and to establish how and why the chemical compounds of the active ingredients in each product affected the results. Introduction The idea ...

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Chromium Induced Toxicity Research

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Abstract In the present study, we hypothesize that cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress play a key role in chromium induced toxicity in SISS, SISK, IEE, IEK, IEG, SICH and ICG cell lines when exposed for 24 h. Acute toxicity tests were conducted on three fish species namely L. calcarifer, E. suratensis and C. catla by exposing them to different concentration (0, 10, 20, 30, ...

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Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Blood Cancer Patients

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Stephen T. Smith II Abstract Stem cell transplantation, which most of the time is alluded to as peripheral blood, bone marrow, and umbilical cord transplant, is a system that replaces undesirable blood-shaping cells with solid normal cells. Stem cell transplantation permits specialists to give high substantial measurements of chemotherapy or radiation treatment to build the possibility of disposing of blood cancer growth in the marrow ...

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House Wren use of Riparian Corridors

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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PROJECT JUSTIFICATION The South Platte Wildlife Management Area (SPWMA) is a 5,908 Ha property consisting of about 40km of floodplain forest with surrounding upland prairie (Knopf 1986). Riparian forests such as that which occurs along the South Platte River have been of particular interest to researchers investigating avian use of riparian corridors during migration (Machtans et al. 1996, Skagen et al. 1998), and juvenile dispersal ...

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Chicken Anemia Virus Strain CAT-CAV

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Figure 1. The alignment of chicken anemia virus strain CAT-CAV (Gyrovirus) and its relatives.     Chicken Anemia Virus strain CAT-CAV is the chosen virus and its 19 relatives are shown. Therefore, 20 nucleotide sequences are involved. Figure 2. A picture of the phylogenetic tree with bootstrapping values of chicken anemia virus strain CAT-CAV (Gyrovirus) and its relatives. The molecular phylogenetic ...

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Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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List and briefly describe three clinical signs for Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare disease that occurs when maternal alloantibodies cross the placenta during pregnancy and cause the destruction of fetal red blood cells (RBCs) (Delaney and Matthews, 2015; Haas et al., 2015). HDFN can result in fetal anaemia with ...

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Immune System of a Plant

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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ABSTRACT Two light signalling factors, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1) regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis, seedling growth and modulate plant immunity by controlling HEMB1 expression in Arabiopsis thaliana. We show that fhy3 far1 double null mutants display high levels of reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid and high expression of pathogen related genes. We analyse the effects of this constitutively activated immune ...

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Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by painful inflammatory autoimmune disorder by di-arthrodial joints, the wide of production of cytokines, and destruction of joints (see the fig.1). Thickness of cells up to 5 to 8 multiples of synovium and as well as the turnout of subintima to be loose tissue of granulomatous inflammation. Pannus which tissue recognized, then destroyed by invading the bone and cartilage. Pro-inflammatory ...

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Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Abstract Brown marmorated stink bug (Order Hemiptera: Family Pentatomidae) (BMSB) was accidentally introduced into the eastern U.S. from Asia in the late 1990s. In 2001  it was officially identified in Pennsylvania, and has since spread along the eastern seaboard and westward into the Great Lakes region. In 2002 it was found in Portland, Oregon, and has since spread to localized areas in Washington and California. It has ...

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Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Shalyn Bauer Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome or (NRDS) occurs when a newborn baby's lungs are not fully developed. This is often found in premature babies, however there is the occasional case where the baby is not premature. This disease is mainly caused by the lack of a substance called surfactant. Surfactant is a slippery substance made up of a mixture of lipids and proteins that ...

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Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Alesha Coleman-McCallum Title: Isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth (pre-enrichment), UVM 11 broth (selective enrichment), Palcam and Oxford agars (selective plating) also confirmation using biochemical tests. Objectives: To isolate Listeria species from chicken sample To observe the reaction of listeria on selective medium To confirm the Listeria species using biochemical tests Introduction Listeria is a ...

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Comparing Oxygen Levels to Heart Rate Recovery and Peak Time

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Research Question How do different concentrations of oxygen provided to the respiratory system affect the heart rate and thus a subjects[JB1] athletic capabilities? Introduction[JB2] Firstly, it is important to investigate how the body's respiratory system functions. The lungs have two primary functions, releasing carbon dioxide from the body and integrating oxygen into the bloodstream 3. The lungs never reach peak capacity and are not responsible ...

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RSV Vaccine Formulation

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in both children and elderly people. In this study we evaluated the short- and long-term protective efficacy of the single intranasal immunization of RSV vaccine formulation consisting of the fusion (F) protein formulated with a polyIC, an innate defense regulator peptide and a polyphosphazene (ΔF/TriAdj). This vaccine induced significant ...

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Germination of Seeds: Research on Salinity

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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1.1. Rationale The purpose of this investigation is to develop a more advanced understanding of the germination of seeds. The investigation is worthwhile as it will explain such conditions needed for seeds to maximise germination to allow efficient plant development. This information could help the scientific community know when saline reaches dangerous levels for radish seeds. 1.3. Background Information The aim of this experiment is ...

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Symptoms and Treatment of Measles

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Katie James Abstract Measles are very contagious disease. They are spread by someone coming in contact with infected mucus and or salvia. An Infected piece of the virus can go through the air and settle on anything and any person in close contact will become infected. Children are more common to get the disease especially if they are not vaccinated. Some basic symptoms of measles ...

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CAR-T Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Abstract: Cancer has always been a difficult problem to be solved by humans, of which leukemia is one of them. With the development of gene recombination technology and our in-depth understanding of cancer, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) can be carried out in clinical trials. Recently, CAR-T has made new progress in the treatment of acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CAR-T cells are T-cell ...

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Vaccines and Misinformation Surrounding Them

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Celeste Clark An Argumentative Exploration into Vaccines and Misinformation Surrounding Them: TL;DR, Vaccination and Autism Have No Correlation Since the late 1990's, myths about the risk of a link between standard infant vaccination and those administered being autistic as a result, as well as general superstition or skepticism over the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, have been perpetuated and grown in popularity. So much so, ...

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Different Gaits used by Bipeds and Quadrupeds

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Discuss the different gaits used by bipeds and quadrupeds Gait can be defined as the manner by which an animal moves.  This essay will detail the standard gaits of bipeds and quadrupeds in addition to the underlying concepts of these gaits and examples of the animals which practice them.  There are a number of technical terms used to describe gaits which will be outlined along ...

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Survival of Organisms in Extreme Conditions

01 Aug 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Organisms, known as extremophiles, survive in environments that other terrestrial life-forms find intolerable and in some cases lethal. They are evolved to survive in extreme hot niches, ice, and saline solutions, also adapting to survive in varying pH conditions; extremophiles are even found to grow in toxic waste, organic solvents, heavy metals, or in multiple habitats thought previously to be inhospitable for life. Within all ...

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Effect of Fertiliser on Fruits and Plants Experiment

27 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Presentation of analysis and discussion Evaluation of the effect of particular fertiliser on bell peppers fruits and plants size between treated or non-treated bell peppers plants. Three Dataset were provided by Harper Adams University (HAU) (The data is available on the learning hub portal of HAU site https://hub.harper- adams.ac.uk/ moodle/course/view.php?id= 4030) during the experimental design and analysis module (November 2016). From three dataset ...

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Stem Barks of Bauhinia Acuminata Analysis

27 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Materials and Methods Plant collection The stem barks of Bauhinia acuminata L. were collected from Rajshahi university campus, Bangladesh, in the month of September, 2013. The plant was authenticated by a taxonomist of Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi. A voucher specimen (Voucher No. MN-13) was deposited to the herbarium in the Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi. The stem barks were then washed separately ...

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Zea Mays Mendelian Inheritance Pattern

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Mendelian Genetics Rough Draft Hypothesis I (Theory of Segregation) At anaphase I of meiosis, gamete formation causes a separation of alleles in a diploid organism. When the chromosomes separate each individual will receive an equal chance of inheriting a dominant or recessive allele from the mother or father. Because an albino and green offspring were observed within the same generation, the parents must be heterozygous ...

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Effect of Music on Heart Rate

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Daniella Urteaga Background Information: The heart is a vital organ made of cardiac muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. Heart rate is associated with the contraction of the different chambers of the heart, and is considered myogenic. As a result, the heart beat is controlled independently of the central nervous system and is instead controlled by the pacemaker, also known as the Sino arterial ...

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Cassava Brown Streak Virus Infection Genome

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Genome-wide prediction and association analysis for sensitivity to cassava brown streak virus infection in Cassava Siraj Ismail Kayondo1,2, Dunia Pino Del Carpio3, Roberto Lozano3, Alfred Ozimati1,3, Marnin Wolfe3, Yona Baguma1, Vernon Gracen2,3, Offei Samuel2, Robert Kawuki1 and Jean-Luc Jannink3,4 1) National Crop Resources Research Institute, NaCRRI, P.O. Box, 7084 Kampala, Uganda, 2) West Africa Center for Crop Improvement, (WACCI), 3) Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, ...

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Episodic Dystonia and Hallucination due to DLAT Genes

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Title: Carbamazepine responsive Episodic Dystonia and Hallucination due to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E2 (DLAT) gene mutation Fatema J Serajee1, Salman Rashid2, and AHM M Huq1 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: PDH E2 deficiency due to DLAT mutations is a very rare condition with only 4 reported cases to date. METHODS: We describe a 15-year-old girl with mild intellectual disability, paroxysmal dystonia and bilateral basal ganglia signal abnormalities on brain ...

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Depression Cognitive Approach

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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The cognitive explanation of depression basically rests the idea that disorders happen because of faulty thinking. There are other explanations for depression, and other treatments. The cognitive approach assumes that behaviours are controlled by thoughts and beliefs. Therefore irrational thoughts and beliefs cause abnormal behaviours. There are many different models that help to explain how irrational thoughts can lead to depression. Examples are: Ellis's ...

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Impact of Microorganisms Research

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Jordan Phillips Microorganisms are essential to human existence on the planet Microorganisms play a crucial role in human existence across a whole range of different aspects. The human body, both inside and out is covered in millions of microorganisms, which help to protect us from infection from harmful microbes (Microbiology, 17). They help to digest our food, have significant roles within the decomposition of waste, ...

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Estimate Waterfowl Nests on Monte Vista National Wildlife

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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USING DISTANCE SAMPLING TO ESTIMATE WATER FOWL NESTS ON MONTE VISTA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, COLORADO, USA Principal Investigator Nicole J. Traub, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, 275 UCB, A Research Proposal Project Justification Measuring nest success is extremely important in order to determine the well-being of avian populations. Biologists have been attempting to infer the status of avian species by estimating ...

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Artesian Wells for Irrigation - Water Quality

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Evaluation of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of Artesian well water used for irrigation in ArRiyadh Sulaiman Ali Alharbi1*, M.E.Zayed1, Arunachalam Chinnathambi1, Naiyf S. Alharbi1 and Milton Wainwright1,2 Abstract The quality of water from artesian wells used for irrigation was analyzed. Water samples were collected from 12 wells from different farms along a 8.5 km transect of the Hayer which is an area located ...

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Plasma Membrane Structure and Function

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

4 (1,499 )

BENJAMIN NHANDARA Explain the structure and function of the cell and the plasma membrane to include the division of labour and explanation of transport across the plasma membrane. All living things are made up of small blocks known as cells. These cells play a big role in the existence of all living things even though we cannot see the cells with our naked eyes. After we have ...

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Detecting Autoantibodies in Human Sera Samples using ELISA

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

8 (2,906 )

Introduction Autoimmunity is a series of immune responses that is made against an organisms own cells and tissues due to inability to recognise own cells and tissues as self (Mandal, 2014). Diseases can arise as a result of autoimmunity. This includes lupus (SLE). Lupus (SLE) arises because of immunological mechanisms. With tolerance to antigens is lost and production of autoreactive lymphocytes the process of autoantibody ...

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Methods of Studying the Brain

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

16 (6,249 )

History of brain treatments Trepanning is a surgical procedure where a hold is drilled into the skull using a surgical tool, in the 17th and 19th century. The process involved drilling into the skull and removing a piece of bone. In ancient times trepanning was done as a tribal ritual to let evil spirts 'escape' out of the head. It was performed to cure, headaches, ...

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Puumala Virus (PUUV) Genome Analysis

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

18 (7,116 )

HANTAVIRUS PAPER REVIEW Summary A key concern of any viral vaccine research is the tremendous genetic diversity of the virus Hantaviruses are etiological agents generally known to cause two distinct human diseases: kidney affecting disease and heart affecting disease, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) sometimes called Nephropaphia epidemica (NE) in Eurasia and Americas hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) respectively. These viruses are heterologous (heterologous transmission ...

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Causes of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP)

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

4 (1,311 )

Suggested limit:  2 pages of single spaced text only MOHAMMAD FAISAL Collection of Data A.1. What were the objectives of the study? What was the association of interest? The objectives of the study were to examine the association of the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the USA and different contributing factors such as level of dust exposure, mine size, low seam ...

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Targeted Drug Delivery for Sex Dependent Cancers

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

19 (7,281 )

Occurring cancer in any part of the human body such as lung, kidney, skin and etc. has a different incidence ratio between men and women. sex dependent cancers have seen just in male or female which is dependent to sex hormones and specific sex organs such as prostate cancer in male and Ovary and endometrial cancers in female, breast cancer is seen in both sex ...

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Designing a Plant Cell Model

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

3 (1,005 )

Advanced Biology Cell Project    Cell Wall The cell, a complex yet basic part of our existence. Unlike humans, one of the most important parts of a cell for a plant cell is the cell wall. The cell wall gives the plant shape, strength, and enables communication to adjacent cells. This essential portion of the cell was initially found by Robert Hooke, though he ...

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Fe-AZT and Pd-AZT Synthesis and Effects

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Synthesis and Effects of Fe-AZT and Pd-AZT on Viability of Human Hepatocytes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Submitted by: Anna Harutyunyan Introduction Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. In 2015, according to the National Cancer Institute, over 1.6 million new cases of cancer were reported in the United States. The estimated cancer deaths for the year of 2015 were over ...

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Fungal Collection, Culturing and Identification

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

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Abstract Fungi are Eukaryotic cells that are able to synthesize enzymes when required to break down complex mono and polysaccharides when in contact with it. There is much to understand with this fascinating Kingdom that the Fungi belong to as Biotechnology within these organisms may play a fundamental role within Industrial waste. There is much to study and learn from these organisms and ...

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Bloom Syndrome Features, Inheritance and Biochemistry

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

5 (1,897 )

Discuss the inheritance, molecular and biochemical defects underlying the clinical features associated with Bloom syndrome Introduction First described by David Bloom in 1954, Bloom syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition resulting in widespread genomic instability and a subsequent predisposition to the development of cancer (Cunniff, 2017). BS is an example of a 'chromosome breakage syndrome,' characterised by defective DNA metabolism and genetic ...

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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

4 (1,232 )

Introduction Nanoparticles are becoming increasingly used as materials in over 2000 consumer products due to their unique chemical, physical and electrical properties. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter and nanoparticles can be 1-100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles are used for their antibacterial properties in many every day products such as food storage containers, air filtration systems and bandages. Nanomaterials are structures, devices, ...

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Social Network Analysis of Chimpanzee Relationship

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

5 (1,610 )

In the previous chapter, it was shown that a three-component structure of relationship quality exists within this study group and gives evidence to suggest that this theoretical framework is likely to be reflected in other captive chimpanzee groups. Chapter 3 explains the quality and asymmetrical nature of chimpanzee relationships at the dyadic level. However, it is important to understand how a relationship between two individuals ...

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Lateral Line System Analysis

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

8 (3,065 )

Introduction     The lateral line is a sensory system in fish and amphibians. It is made up of mechanoreceptors called neuromasts which are sensitive to water movement (Diaz et al. 2003). The lateral line system has an important role in the detection of stationary objects, navigation, prey detection, capture and in swimming in schools (Gelman et al. 2007). The receptor organ of ...

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3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Research

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

9 (3,509 )

A distinct type of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria due to a mutation in the Translocase of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane 50 (TIMM50) gene BACKGROUND: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria biochemically characterized by increased urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid result from defective leucine metabolism and disorders affecting mitochondrial function though in many cases the cause remains unknown.  Recently mutations in mitochondrial TIMM50 gene has been reported in four patients from two unrelated ...

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Regulatory Behavior Research Review

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

3 (1,066 )

People experience pride after an accomplishment, its experience can both encourage and discourage succeeding regulatory behavior. This conflicting influence can be accounted for by considering the information about the event that spawned the pride (i.e., appraisal information) and whether a self-regulatory goal is active. In the absence of a self-regulatory goal, appraisal information can be used to make positive assumptions about one's self-concept that reinforces ...

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Arguments for Vitro Human Embryo Research

26 Jul 2017 14 Sep 2017

4 (1,208 )

Mallory Marschall The 14-Day Rule Scientific advancement is accelerating, but current laws and regulations fail to keep up with its progress. This problem leads to several ethical and legal dilemmas in various fields of biology. This problem is especially prominent in embryology. Laboratories focusing on in vitro fertilization have been growing embryos and then implanting them on the seventh day (Hyun et. al 169). Due ...

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Symptoms and Causes of Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome

11 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

4 (1,367 )

Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome Introduction Cri-du-chat is an autosomal syndrome that is caused by a large or small deletion from a portion of the short arm of chromosome 5. This syndrome is also known as the 5p deletion syndrome where the P describes the short hand chromosome and Lejeune's syndrome. It is also called cat cry syndrome which is a French translation of Cri-du-chat, because of its ...

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Analysis of the Definitions of Abnormality

11 Aug 2017

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Abnormality can be described in many different ways but it is just what's not normal. The whole concept of abnormality is difficult to define and it comes in many forms that involve different features. Abnormal psychology is the division of psychology that studies people who are either 'abnormal' or 'atypical', compared to members of a given society. There is also evidence that some psychological disorders ...

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History of Eugenics Principles and Policies

11 Aug 2017

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Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. While eugenic principles have been practiced as far back as ancient Greece, it was in 1883 that Francis Galton (1822-1911) systematized these ideas and practices based on statistical understanding of heredity, and new knowledge about the evolution of human and animals provided by the theory of ...

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Testing Mimicry in Butterflies

11 Aug 2017

3 (1,125 )

Introduction The experiment will be testing mimicry in butterflies. Mimicry is the similarity between two organisms that evolved to protect a species from its predators. The similarity can be appearance, behaviour, sound or scent. Mimicry can be mutually beneficial for both organisms, or it can be damaging to one of the organisms involved. Batesian mimicry is when a harmless species imitates the warning signals of ...

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Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Amylase

09 Aug 2017

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Introduction Enzymatic reactions are very paramount in the body and in nature too as they ensure that any reactions including Biological processes are hastened in order to achieve the results within the shortest time possible. In the body, there are many enzymes and enzyme amylase is one of the most significant as it aids in degradation of complex carbohydrates into glucose molecules which are ...

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Measuring the Impact of Stress on Physical Health

09 Aug 2017

3 (1,070 )

Psychologists are very interested to understand the many ways in which stress can make us unwell. Before psychologists can get to the point of very significant real-life benefits to be had from understanding this relationship, they need valid and reliable way of measuring stress first. There are two main categories of measurement that has been developed and they are self-report and physiological methods. One psychological ...

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Introduction to Alcohol Addiction

09 Aug 2017

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Alcohol Addiction Addiction in general, though this paper will focus on alcohol specifically, is characterized by a chronic relapse state that embodies key elements, such as the compulsion to seek out and use the drug, the inability to control the amount used, and a negative emotional state when the substance cannot be accessed (Gilpin and Koob, 2008). Alcohol consumption evolves from impulsive to compulsive through ...

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History of Discovery in Classical Genetics

09 Aug 2017

5 (1,981 )

This chapter chronicles the fascinating history of discovery in classical genetics, which is the study of how genetic traits are transmitted in organisms. Key Concepts covered: Mendel's laws of heredity was rediscovered and gain wide acceptance in 1900. The chromosomal theory of heredity states that genes reside on chromosomes and that chromosomal dynamics underlie the patterns of Mendelian inheritance. A fundamental observation in classical ...

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Causes of the Animal Welfare Movement

09 Aug 2017

4 (1,518 )

Animal Welfare The meaning of animal welfare is stemmed out of the meaning how animals are dealing with the places and the circumstances which they are placed in. An animal which is in a state of prosperity stays healthy and in a good shape. The way to keep the animals health is through feeding it, keeping it in a good shape and health and stays ...

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Introduction to Depression, Phobias and OCD

09 Aug 2017

4 (1,246 )

A phobia is an extreme, irrational fear of a particular situation or object, and is an example of an anxiety disorder. There are several types of phobias but three include agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. The characteristics of phobias can be divided into three categories: Behavioural - there are two types of behavioural characteristics and they are avoidance and panic. Avoidance is ...

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Overview of Chromosones

07 Aug 2017

3 (1,199 )

Chromosomes Assignment Gene- A gene is a special strand of DNA that contains information about everything in our body. The genes make proteins to construct things in our body. Humans have about 25,000 genes. Homeotic Genes Description: A homeotic gene is any collection of genes that manage the development of early embryonic stage of organisms, these genes produce proteins that tell cells to create different ...

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Analysis of Robert Pascal's Theory on Icy Moons

07 Aug 2017

3 (875 )

In Robert Pascal's research article, "Physiochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons", Pascal presents different hypotheses of the formation of life on icy moons compared to life on Earth. Liquid water, free energy, and organic matter are the three essential components to start the origin of life. In addition, the complexity of the ...

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Theories and Models of Memory

07 Aug 2017

3 (1,035 )

Baddeley and Hitch developed another model of short-term memory which is called working memory. The distinction between short-term memory and working memory is that short-term memory is frequently used interchangeably with working memory however the two of them should be used separately. Short-term memory refers to just the temporary storage of information within the memory whereas working memory refers to the processes that are used ...

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Cell Components and Functions

07 Aug 2017

7 (2,752 )

A Cell is the elementary structure, function and biological unit of an organism. NUCLEUS: The nucleus is the master control centre of the cell. It gives command to the cell to grow, divide, mature or die. It contains genes, stores the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which determines every aspect of human anatomy and physiology. The DNA is arranged into chromosomes which also contains the outlines specific ...

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History and Advancements of Gene Therapy

07 Aug 2017

3 (978 )

Gene therapy is an advanced and evolving technology that is being researched and developed extensively. It is an experimental technique that simply, introduces a gene into cells, in the place of a defective or missing gene to correct a genetic disorder. Gene therapy is very interesting and it is very important for scientists to grow the knowledge of gene therapy which can be expanded and ...

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History of Heredity and Evolution

07 Aug 2017

5 (1,732 )

Prologue Throughout his childhood and adult life, Siddhartha Mukherjee, physician and author of "The Gene: An Ultimate History", has been troubled by his family history of mental illnesses. His two uncles, Rajesh and Jagu, have suffered from mental illness, and so does his cousin Moni. If mental illness was genetic as recent studies showed, could he be a carrier as well and pass the illness ...

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Lung Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Literature

01 Aug 2017

6 (2,108 )

Introduction According to Cancer research UK lung cancer is a rapid and uncontrol proliferation of cells that may start in trachea, bronchioles or pulmonary tissue (Cancerresearchuk.org, 2017). It is broadly classified into Non-Small Cellular lung cancer (NSCLC) type and small cellular lung cancer (SCLC). Additionally, NSCLC is further subdivided into the squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and undifferentiated NSCLC (Travis et al., 2015). Clinically ...

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Reflective Essay NU-AGE

01 Aug 2017

3 (904 )

NU-AGE is a module that has had a profound influence of my understanding about the concept and self-perception about ageing. Having to learn how much more biology, lifestyle, clinical aspects, technology, living conditions and solutions can directly or indirectly alter how an individual age. Ageism in one major concern that was given much attention to in the module. Ageism was thought be the direct action ...

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Causes of Parkinson's Disease

01 Aug 2017

5 (1,665 )

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the progressive death of substantia nigral dopaminergic neurones, resulting in the reduction of caudate-putamen dopamine concentration in the basal ganglia. Insufficient DA produced from the substantia nigral dopaminergic neurones due to progressive degradation in PD patient's results in motor neurone cell death. Afflicting just under 1% of the population over 60. Little was known about the pathophysiology of PD, ...

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Protein Determination Lab Report

01 Aug 2017

8 (2,927 )

Introduction Within protein biochemistry, analytical procedures and experiments have been designed to determine accurate measures of the protein concentration in a sample. A variety of protein assays are being and have been developed to be used in laboratories to examine a solution and to quantify protein from a biological specimen. For certain concentrations, protein assays such as the Bradford and the Lowry method will have ...

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Use of Proteinase Inhibitors as Insecticides

01 Aug 2017

6 (2,122 )

The Plagues of Egypt are a well-known to many, to send a message to the Pharaoh, the eighth of which saw Moses have God send was a plague of locusts to destroy crops. Luckily those were mere allegorical stories. What is true is that crop yields for ancient societies have always been plagued pests destroying crops. Even in modern times pests are a major issue ...

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