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Effects Of Heat And PH On Plant Pigments Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,733 Words)

The aim of this laboratory exercise is to determine and consider the effect of heat and pH on plant pigment by using the examples of peas, cranberry juice and blackberry juice. Carotenoids, chlorophylls and flavonoids are the three major groups of plant pigment. The results of this laboratory was that the different colour and texture of peas were caused by different pH. In addition, the heat and ...

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Classifications Of Snakes And Reptiles Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,189 Words)

Reptiles are some of the oldest living creatures on the planet and made their first appearance some 300 million years ago. It is believed that the first species of snakes contained limbs which became more and more reduced through great periods of time, this phenomenon can be seen as a clear indicator just how evolution took place within a group of organisms. Today vestigial structures occur in ...

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Cancer Cell Invasion And Metastasis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,709 Words)

Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are multistep processes influenced by the over expression of cell-secreted proteolytic enzymes such as Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Strategies to down regulate MMP expression could be a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/NF-κB signaling pathways have been known to be involved in regulating MMP-9 expression. Synergistic targeting of these pathways using NF-kB and PI3-kinase inhibitors may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment ...

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Mitral Valve Disease Common Source Disease Heart Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,767 Words)

A healthy heart and its constituent parts are essential to the function of the cardiovascular system. The heart is situated in the thorax, posterior to the sternum and costal cartilages and rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm. It acts as a muscle pump as it expands and contracts in order to pump blood into appropriate blood vessels and then to the rest of the body ...

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Regulation of metabolic processes and dangers of malfunction

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,988 Words)

Discuss the different ways in which metabolic processes are regulated and the possible consequences for an organism if this regulation malfunctions. Metabolism is many coordinated chemical reactions occurring within a cell of an organism to sustain life (Berg et al. 2006). Obtaining nutrients, generating wastes, growing, reproducing, adapting to different environments are all chemical processes that occur in a human body to maintain a living state. Many ...

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History Of Dna Sequencing Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,236 Words)

DNA sequencing technology has evolved very rapidly since its inception in the 1970s, and continues to evolve and grow today. This paper will review the major innovations and developments in sequencing technology and briefly summarize their methodologies. The first group that was able to sequence DNA was the team of Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert (Maxam and Gilbert). This was a first generation sequencing reaction, and was ...

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Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,995 Words)

Abstract: This essay discusses about the causes of animal extinction. Animals are sidestepped as we tend to focus more on something that happens to our brethren. However, we also forget that what happen to our species, the human beings, it affects the animals and plants more, as they don't have the ability to think and manipulate the environment as skilfully as we do. Habitat destruction, uncontrolled hunting ...

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Antihypertensive Properties Of Lemon Grass Leaf Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,395 Words)

Hypertension or high blood pressure is defined as the sustained increase in blood pressure and is a common disorder leading to several chronic diseases. The number of people considered to be suffering from hypertension depends on levels of normality for blood pressure given by different health organizations. Recently, hypertension affects 20-45% of the world's population and nearly 50-60% of elderly people and is a major risk factor ...

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Introduction To Listeria Monocytogenes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,365 Words)

A 1981 fatal outbreak from the consumption of contaminated coleslaw in Canada (Schlech et al. 1983), together with epidemics in the following years that were associated with dairy foods such as pasteurized milk (Fleming et al. 1985) and Mexican-style cheese (James 1985), highlighted major concerns about the survival and growth capabilities of the pathogen L. monocytogenes in contaminated foods especially during storage at refrigeration temperatures. Since these epidemics, ...

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The Slope Stability Analysis In Geotechnical Engineering Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,458 Words)

The slope stability analysis in geotechnical engineering is complicated its mechanism and the geological history of the slope. The classical way to analysis the slope stability is accessed using two methods; the basic continuum mechanics or the limit equilibrium approach. There are some post-mortem analyses of landslides in the past; it was found the cause the slope failure due to tension cracks. The rainfall infiltration and seepage ...

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Factors Affecting The Rate Of Photosynthesis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,825 Words)

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the factors affecting the Photosynthetic rate of leaves, which is measured in two ways. Firstly changing the light intensity, this will determine the rate of increase or decrease in photosynthesis. Secondly changing the availability of nutrients (Concentration of CO2) to the plants, this will directly affect the photosynthetic rate. To test the light intensity, an elodea submerged in a ...

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The History Of Parachute Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,490 Words)

We know that parachute is used to land something from a high altitude safely. Parachute may have different size, shape and also holes on the parachute sheath. There must be the best parachute for landing a food during war, for free fall and also for a demonstration. This investigation will find the effect of size, shape and holes on landing of parachutes. A parachute is essentially a ...

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How Diabetes Impaired Wound Healing Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,205 Words)

The numbers of incident of diabetes is increasing worldwide and it becomes the tenth leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is the chronic metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. This usually occur due to beta cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency resulting in hyperglycemia. The increased morbidity and mortality in diabetes is caused by impaired wound healing which is one of the serious complications of diabetes and ...

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Analysis of the occipital lobe

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (925 Words)

The occipital lobe is the center for visual processing in the human brain. It is the smallest of the four lobes in the cerebral cortex and is located in the posterior region of the cerebral cortex. The occipital lobe is responsible for visuospatial processing and interpreting conscious visual percepts (Canevin et al). The purpose of this paper is to investigate any pathological diseases or damage that may ...

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Genetically Modified Food And Crops Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,778 Words)

Genetic modification of crops and food stuffs is one of the major controversial debates in the world. There have been doubts on the safety of genetically modified foods especially in the area of human health and environmental degradation. Many people have fears that their health could experience unforeseeable effects by altering the genetic content of a plant. Genetic modification might have resulted to the growing of pesticide ...

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The Pure Enantiomers Of Phenylethylamine Mixture Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,505 Words)

The purpose of this laboratory was to resolve the pure enantiomers of (±)-α-phenylethylamine (racemic) mixture, by separating their diasteriomeric derivatives using (+)-tartaric acid. The differing enantiomers form different salts with acids. Two molecules that are enantiomers have nearly identical physical and chemical properties although this may be true, the salts that are formed after the reaction with acid have distinct properties. Some salts are less soluble [(+)(-)] ...

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The Maxam Gilberts Method Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,732 Words)

This chapter provides an understanding of the history of sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert and Sangers method of sequencing are explained in detail. A short note on pyro sequencing is also added. Sequencing is a process by which the sequence of nucleotides is deciphered in a particular portion of DNA or RNA. This method offers several advantages in daignosis.. Firstly, in a PCR product, it helps him to determine ...

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Introduction To Infertility And In Vitro Fertilization Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,580 Words)

Statistics shows that one out of six couples experienced the problem corresponding with infertility (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). Infertility can be considered a disease affecting more than 80 million people around the world consisting primarily of young population accounting to around 10-15% having problems on the ability to conceive and give live births (Hochschild, Schwarze and Alam, 2008). Considering these figures, infertility becomes one of the ...

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Concepts Of The Polymerase Chain Reaction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

20 Pages (7,854 Words)

We owe the discovery of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to Kary B Mullis, who was the actual proponent of PCR . Few people are aware that in 1971, Kleppe and the Nobel laureate Gobind Khorana published studies including a description of techniques that are now known to be the basis for nucleic acid replication. However, it is unfortunate that Kleppe and Khorana were ahead of their ...

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The key steps of the implantation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,212 Words)

IMPLANTATION The life journey of a conceptus consists of many stages right from the point of conception to the point of birth which is one of nature's wonders. However, an essential stage in this journey is the process of implantation. Implantation is generally defined as an event in which an embryo becomes progressively attached to the wall of the uterus during early pregnancy. This process is pivotal ...

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Purification And Assaying Of Lysozyme Enzymes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,690 Words)

Abstract This lab investigates the purification and assaying of lysozyme using size exclusion chromatography and Bradford protein assay. Micrococcus Lysodeikticus is employed in this lab as the substrate for lysozyme and its enzymatic activities are observed under various pH and substrate concentrations for determining the optimal conditions for lysozyme activity. The highest lysozyme activity was observed at a substrate concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and at an optimum ...

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Importance Of Plant Animal Interactions In Rainforests Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,290 Words)

Why are animal-plant interactions considered important in the establishment and maintenance of high biodiversity in tropical rain forests? Include specific examples in your answer. The study of plant-animal interactions has been a key role in development of ecology hence it has been carried out for a long time. They are also key constituents of biodiversity, which is termed as a variation of life form in a particular ...

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Drug Action On Gut Motility Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,388 Words)

Describe and explain the effect of field stimulation on ileum contraction? The experiment aims to determine the functional role of different drugs like morphine, atropine or naloxone on contraction of guinea pig ileum using transmural stimulation or acetylcholine applied exogenously. The transmural stimulation is given with an initial pulse width of 0.5ms, frequency 0.1Hz and gradually increasing the voltage until we get a measurable contraction. The transmural ...

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Application Of Electrochemical Series Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,287 Words)

The electrochemical series helps to pick out substances that are good oxidizing agents and those which are good reducing agents.In an electrochemical series the species which are placed above hydrogen are more difficult to be reduced and their standard reduction potential values are negative.The Li : Li+ (aq) electrode has the least Eo value and therefore,it is reduced with more difficulty. Therefore, Li+ cannot accept electrons easily ...

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The Basic Informational Macromolecules Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,224 Words)

Nucleic acids are the basic informational macromolecules that contributes to the most essential characteristic properties of living system, reproduction and genetic conttrols. Lower and higher molecular weight of nucleic acids are utilized in metabolic and catalytic reactions respectively. DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid) are nucleic acid of polymers composed of nitrogenous base either a double ring of purines and single ring of pyrimidine which is further connected ...

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First And Second Green Revolution Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,028 Words)

Plants are an essential part of lives on the planet and a crucial source of economic prosperity for almost every country. They provide directly or indirectly almost all the food of man and animals. They also supply industrial raw material, for instance, timber, paper, rubber, products for the chemical industries such as starch, sugars, oils and fats, energy in the form of fuel wood, starch and sugars ...

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Producing The Male Gametes And Carries Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,041 Words)

The testes that is responsible for producing the male gametes and carries the sequence of processes in the seminiferous tubulus is known as Spermatogenesis. Such process commence during puberty, at and around of 14 years of age in males and stage a continuous process throughout a person's life. The production of sperm in a healthy male is found in researches to be 400 million sperms. Spermatogenesis takes ...

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Collagen Protein Found In Organisms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,102 Words)

Collagen forms the majority of the protein that is found in mammalian organisms and constitutes 30% of the total protein mass of a human.Â By being used as a gibbet, collagen is utilized by body cells towards the molding of their surroundings. This eventually creates an atmosphere favorable for normal cell function as well as the development of the tissues. Apart from providing mechanical support, collagen have ...

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Function Of The Nucleus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,260 Words)

The aim of this write up is to enable us know the structure of a nucleus and the purpose its serves in a living organism. But first what is this organelle called nucleus and where can it be found in a living organism? Erin Cram expresses that the nucleus is a sub cellular compartment which can be found in any Eukaryotic cells, such as cells from an ...

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Isolation And Identification Of Enterococcus Faecium Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,881 Words)

Enterococci are widely distributed in the environment; within the human body, they are normal commensals of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. Enterococcus faecium is a gram-positive bacterium group D, alpha hemolitic or nonhemolitic in the genus Enterococcus (Chingwaru W., 2003). It can be a commensal (non-harmful coexisting organism), in the human intestine, but it may also be a pathogen -- causing diseases like neonatal meningitis. ...

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Economic Impact Of Argon Oil Production In Morocco Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,635 Words)

The Argon oil has become one of the tremendous most expensive oils in the world. It is as expensive as some cosmetics and is the subject of several patents in Morocco. This oil which is the source of income for residents of South-West of Morocco for centuries has been a renewed interest in the various discoveries of their important culinary virtues, cosmetic and medicinal uses. During this ...

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Effect of Minerals Deficiencies Towards the Growth of Lemna sp

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,964 Words)

Aim To investigate the effect of minerals deficiencies towards the growth of Lemna sp Introduction Plants need water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to synthesise carbohydrates during photosynthesis. To synthesise nutrients and other organic substances, plants need additional elements. Mineral elements are one of the essential chemical elements required by plants in order to achieve optimal growth and development. Mineral elements are mostly obtained in the form of ...

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Basic Laboratory Techniques Safety And Hematocrit

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,643 Words)

The hematocrit is normally ordered as a part of the complete blood count. It is important in evaluating anemia and polycythemia, monitoring the recovery from dehydration, the effectiveness of treatment for anemia, the ongoing bleeding to check its severity, etc. In this practical, hematocrit is used to determine if the patient has anemia by means of red cell indices MCV, MCH and MCHC. For red blood cell ...

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Isolated Smooth Muscle Lab Report Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,888 Words)

Background information on smooth muscles. Smooth muscle is one of three muscle fiber types found in animals. Unlike skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells are not striated, and have single nuclei. Smooth muscles are typically under control of the autonomic nervous system, and do not contract voluntarily. Smooth muscle contracts slowly, and does not exhibit the characteristic twitch seen in skeletal muscle. In addition, smooth ...

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Importance Of Scale In Ecology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,322 Words)

The concept of scale in ecology is seen as increasingly important in our understanding of the functioning of ecological communities and the interaction of individual species with the environment. This has been recognised globally by the awarding of the 2011 Crafoord Prize to Ilka Hanski for his work on the concept of metapopulations (www.crafoordprize.se). The importance of scale in ecology was only seriously recognised in the late ...

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An Essay on Stem Cells

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,409 Words)

History Stem cellsÂ areÂ cellsÂ found in all multi cellularÂ organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves throughÂ mitoticÂ cell division andÂ differentiateÂ into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings byÂ Ernest A. McCullochÂ and James E. TillÂ at theÂ University of TorontoÂ in the 1960s The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are:Â embryonic stem cellsÂ that are isolated from theÂ inner cell massÂ ofÂ blastocysts, andÂ adult stem cellsÂ that ...

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Design Of A Bionic Eye Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,577 Words)

Here, we present a description of a block scheme, specific features of design and results of testing for a prototype of a bionic eye, types of them and its applications. The bionic eye is intended to provide vision, partially to the visually impaired by use of the modern day electronics devices like CCD cameras. The comprises a computer chip that sits in the back of the individual's ...

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Ecological Importance Of Estuaries Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,231 Words)

As defined by Pritchard, an estuary "is a semi-closed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage". The first requirement based on the definition is the estuary being "a semi-closed system". Its circulation pattern is largely affected by its lateral boundaries. This control by these boundaries is ...

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Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab Report Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,256 Words)

Polymerase Chain Reaction is a lab technique used to amplify DNA sequences. It involves using short sequences of DNA and primers to select a certain chromosome on the DNA to be replicated. This is a relatively modern form of DNA production. It was discovered in 1993 by Kary Mullis (An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2nd Edition. D. S. T. Nicholl. Cambridge University Press 2002). The temperature is ...

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History And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,268 Words)

Breast cancer is characterised by formation of tumor in tissues of breast. Four type and stages of breast cancer have been identified. Disease majorly affects females and incidence rate is increasing day by day. Different forms of treatments are available to treat this disease. Following a particular treatment depend on condition of patient and desired outcome demanded by patient. All current treatment possesses side effects and need ...

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Understanding Msg And Its Neurological Effects Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,420 Words)

Due to evolving since in fields such as food science pharmacology, pediatrics, medical psychology, and toxicology, various food additives have come under a sharp review. In the medical field, a controversy has been ranging as to whether MSG should be used at all since diverse research case studies have not only shown its negative effects on health in general but also its neurological effects. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) ...

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The Importance Of The Methanation Process Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,365 Words)

Methanation is the process of producing methane from H2 and CO. Methane (an odourless and colourless gas, composed of four hydrogen molecules attached to one carbon molecule) is found in natural gas that we can use in our homes for energy. Methane found in natural gas is produced by anaerobic bacteria, which break down organic material and the waste product is the natural gas. The natural gas ...

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Clostridium Tetani And Vibrio Cholera Bacteria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,624 Words)

Obligate anaerobes are organism that cannot live with the presence of oxygen, meaning they live without oxygen and cannot survive with the presence of oxygen. If to compare with obligate aerobes on the other hand, obligate aerobes only can live with the presence of oxygen. According to the question, facultative anaerobes can live in both condition, which is with or without the presence of oxygen. An example ...

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Collagen Classification And Structure Evolution Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,759 Words)

Collagens are major extracellular structural proteins accounting for around 25% of proteins in humans. They are found in connective tissues and are a key ingredient of skin, tendons, bones and cartilage. The role of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix of tissues could be compared to that of cellulose in plant cell walls and the steel bars of reinforced concrete. They act as a tissue scaffolding e.g. ...

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Insecticides Beneficial Or Harmful Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,310 Words)

As the world faces an increasing food scarcity, the biggest challenge for agricultural world is to enhance the food productivity to fulfil this increased demand. About 35% of world agricultural products is lost from pest attack due to insects, fungus, viruses, and bacteria, a adept pest control program is an important segment needed for any effort to increase the crop yields. The continuous exertion between human and ...

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The Rna World Theory Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,242 Words)

This essay will explore the principles of the RNA world theory and supports and criticisms for it. It will look at the properties of RNA which make this theory viable and it will also look briefly at alternate competing theories. RNA, which stands for ribonucleic acid, is a polymeric molecule made up of one or more nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a base: adenine, cytosine, ...

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Food Poisoning Is Common Among People Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,205 Words)

There are many causes lead to food poisoning such as chemicals, fungi and microbes. Salmonella bacteria are the most common causes associated with foodborne illness in the world. In Saudi Arabia, as result of the increase of temperature, the environment there is suitable to grow microbes in food and that lead to spoil food, thus occurrence food poisoning. In this research, salmonella food poisoning is discussed and ...

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Effect Of Fertilizers On The Environment Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,439 Words)

Since the rising problem in our environment involves water contamination and unhealthy water, which mainly occurs due to the washing away of fertilizers. However there are two different types of fertilizers: Organic and Inorganic fertilizers, both of many kinds, with different effects. Thus, I decided to research on this question: "How is the effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus ions in organic fertilizers different from the effect ...

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The Transmission Of Pathogens Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,082 Words)

Infectious diseases are caused by the transmission of pathogens, which are microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Pathogens can be transmitted by direct contact - horizontal and vertical transmission - and by indirect contact - vehicle-borne transmission and vector-borne transmission. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease. Bacteria and viruses are the main pathogens. Bacteria Salmonella bacterium cell Bacteria come in many shapes and sizes, but even ...

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Secretors And Non Secretors In Human Population Antigens Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,601 Words)

Human population can be categorized into secretors and non-secretors based on A, B and H antigen on basis of presence or absence of these blood group antigens in the body fluids and secretions, such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, serum, mucus present in the digestive tract or respiratory cavities etc. Secretors are individuals that secrete blood group antigens in their body fluids while non-secretors are the individuals ...

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The Role Of The Antigen Presenting Cell Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,633 Words)

There are many complex mechanisms employed by the immune system to destroy invading organisms, abnormal cells and contain infections in order to maintain health and life. Antigen presenting cells (APC) are some of the cells that form part of these mechanisms. This essay will look at what APCs are, the different types with examples and their specific roles in the immune response. APCs are cells that take ...

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Should smoking in public places be banned

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (811 Words)

Detail Outline 1) Introduction l Many countries have done or are still practicing some efforts to cut down the increasing of number of cases that caused by smoking. l In many countries, smoking is public places is banned. People are not allowed to smoke in restaurants, schools, café and pubs. l Bad habit like smoking makes smokers prone to dreadful diseases. An average of 3 million people ...

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Osmosis In Potato Tuber Cells The Weighing Method Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,468 Words)

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane. This movement is caused by difference in water potential. 'Water potential of a solution is the term given to the tendency for water particles to leave that solution by osmosis, (…) water diffuses from a region of high water potential to ...

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Bioreactor Concepts And Scientific Applications Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,770 Words)

This essay explores evolution of bioreactor concepts and sheds light on its applications in various scientific aspects and its position in research. Definitions of bioreactors focus on designs and processes. What is a bioreactor? BioreactorsÂ refer to certain devices or system which supports biologically active environment, where chemical processes are undergoing involving organisms or their derived biochemically active substances. Bioreactors can have any shape according to the application. ...

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Effect Of Growth Factors Fcs On Cell Proliferation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,976 Words)

Introduction: The technique in which cells normally of one type, removed from animal tissue are grown in presence of supplements and growth factors under controlled conditions is called Cell Culturing. Different cells require different conditions of temperature and gas for their appropriate growth in a cell incubator moreover growth media plays a crucial role in cell culturing, which can vary in glucose concentration, pH, growth factors like ...

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Chemical Composition Of The Cell

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

23 Pages (9,184 Words)

Chemical Composition Of The Cell Question : Which of the following are called second class proteins? A. Plant proteins B. Animal proteins C. Food proteins D. Milk proteins Answer : A Reason : Plant proteins are called secondary class proteins because they generally contain less of the essential amino acids Question : How proteins can be broken? A. Enzymes B. Digestive enzymes C. Amino acids D. Diet ...

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The Origin Of Pistachios And Associated Health Benefits Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,097 Words)

Pistachios also known as Pistacia Vera are small trees in the Anacardiaceae family. They originated from Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Greece, Iran, Turkey, Syria, India, Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan. Pistachio produces cookery kernel that is in a hard shell. In order to utilize it, the nut is cracked first. Mostly the pistachio substance is used is a snacks and when cooking sausages, salami and other food products. In addition, the ...

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Innate Immunity Which We Are Born With Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,691 Words)

There are individual systems of the immune system, innate immunity which we are born with and it is non-specific. It is genetically based and passed on to our offspring and adaptive immunity in which we acquire through humoral and cell mediated immunity. Innate and adaptive immune systems are distinct systems but act together at numerous levels to develop a complete defense against invading pathogens. Both systems have ...

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The Three Types Of Salivary Glands Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,104 Words)

Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands which is an exocrine gland. There are three types of salivary glands, mainly parotids, submandibulars and sublinguals glands. There are also the presences of hundreds of minor salivary glands around the mouth cavity. Acini which is a cluster of cells found inside the salivary glands will secrete a fluid containing enzyme, water, electrolytes and mucus. Saliva contains the enzyme, lysozyme ...

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Transamination Using Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,521 Words)

Transamination is an enzyme coupled reaction that, if not in the presence of the specific transaminase will not occur. The transamination performed by Glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GTP; EC 2.6.1.2) functions on ÃŽÂ±-keto acids and amino acids to synthesis new amino acids and a new ÃŽÂ±-keto acid. GPT functions on pyruvate and glutamate to create alanine and ÃŽÂ±-ketoglutrate. The enzyme requires the cofactor pyridoxal-5-phosphate which acts a coenzyme by transferring ...

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Purify GFP From Aequorea Victoria English Literature Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,803 Words)

Methods and Results: GFP was cloned into E. coli strain JM109 and expressed under optimal conditions in Luria broth agar containing ampicillin and IPTG for induction. Protein was extracted by lysis using bead milling technique and fluorescence of protein measured in a fluorimeter, concentration of both pure and crude proteins were obtained with Bradford (1976) method. Purity of GFP was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE stained with coomassie ...

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Genetic Modification And Human Health Benefits Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,845 Words)

Introduction Genetically modified food, also known as GM food refer to foodstuff such as animals or plants that had their genetic makeup altered to make them grow bigger, stay fresher and other benefits that will make human life more simple. The concept of genetically modified (GM) foods has existed for many years. Cross-breeding of plants, such as different types of corn, has been applied before with the ...

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The protein energy malnutrition problem

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,126 Words)

This paper will examine the protein energy malnutrition problem amongst weaning children in Niger. By using secondary sources and by looking into precedent practices by different organizations to improve the situation, it will finally conclude with health promotion nutrition intervention plan which will include a collaboration and partnership with stakeholders who will as well have a great impact on the population's health determinants. For this project we ...

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Theories on the origin of introns

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,574 Words)

Very little is known about the genomic architecture even though there is widespread proliferation of the introns. Evidences from the recent advances emerged through the large-scale genomic sequencing projects and the functional analysis of the mRNA-processing events support the idea that the spliceosomal introns were not only present in the early eukaryote but also diverged into a minimum of two eukaryotic classes in the early stages of ...

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Techniques For Invitro Pharmacology Lab Report Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,277 Words)

Schild plot: Schild plot is defined as pharmacological method of receptor classification. By using schild plot dose-effect curve for an agonist is determined in the presence of various concentrations of a competitive antagonist for its receptor in the presence of agonist i.e. equilibrium dissociation constant is calculated. The experiment is carried out for series of dose ratios for a given effect. For example the ratio of the ...

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Genetic transformation and competence in e. coli when exposed to the green fluorescent protein

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,933 Words)

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this experiment was to successfully insert the plasmid pGLO, which carries genes for resistance to ampicilin and for green fluorescent protein (GFP), into competent E. coli cells thereby genetically transforming E. coli to have those specific traits. Green Fluorescent Protein comes from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria and it emits green light when excited by blue light and when in the presence of the ...

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Food Tests To Identify Biochemical Molecules Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,596 Words)

Introduction Food can provide energy and essential amino-acids for people to maintain homeostasis, this is vital in a person's life. Therefore, using a simple food test to identify a substance in food is also significantly important. According to hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu (2000), carbohydrates include starch which is made of glucose and reducing sugars are the compounds which provide energy to living cells. Reducing sugar is defined as “the ...

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The Process Of Cell Culture Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,087 Words)

Cell culture known to be complex process by removal of tissue or cells from plants, animals, microbes (such as bacteria and viruses), and fungi process them by growing them in specific conditions and atmospheres. In the 19th century scientist discovered the way of maintaining live cell lines taken from the animals tissue, since that days animal cell culture became world widely available as a technique for scientist ...

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Vanilla Bean And The Orchid Plant Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,420 Words)

Vanilla Bean come from the Vanilla Orchid Plant, it is a kind of rare natural plant species. The best producing area is Africa island of Madagascar, One of the easier to grow indoor orchids. They look like green beans when they're ripe and after picking need to be dried and fermented for their rich flavour to develop. It's a fairly complicated and lengthy process, which is why ...

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Composition Of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,622 Words)

(28) Karalis et al in 2008 discussed the issues in the conference involved physiological factors affecting drug absorption, the role of pre-systemic effects on bioavailability (BA), the impact of variability in bioequivalence (BE) studies, and a final closing panel session on unresolved issues in BA/BE regulations. Several important aspects of drug absorption were highlighted. It was presented how the complexity of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and the site ...

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Distribution And Habitat Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,190 Words)

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW For several decades since its discovery, formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B. t.) have been seen as the ideal means of controlling Lepidoteran pests in agriculture because of the many attributes that differentiate this microbial insecticide from the synthetic chemical formulations. No toxicity to mammals, environmental friendliness, apparent immunity to the pesticide resistance phenomenon (no longer true), good integration with other pest control methods ...

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The Wonders Of Bayer Aspirin Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,074 Words)

Today, there are many medicines used to treat human diseases and one of the medicines is called Bayer aspirin. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a white or colourless crystalline powder. Anthony (2002). It is used to treat mainly minor pains, but has their benefits like lowering fever, inflammation, and reduces blood from clotting. The trade name of aspirin is Bayer and the chemical name is acetylsalicylic acid. The ...

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Microwave Bridges And Application Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,079 Words)

More accurate methods of measuring microwave attenuation and phase are constantly being sought, particularly for such applications as plasma diagnostics. The microwave bridge technique described here was developed for the study of a quiescent plasma having an electron density of 1015 to 1018 mÃ¢Ë†â€™3 corresponding to a plasma frequency of 3 Ãƒ- 108 to 1010 Hz, and an electron collision frequency of 1010 to 1011 sÃ¢Ë†â€™1. The ...

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Purification Of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,976 Words)

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if a His-6 tagged recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein could be expressed in a pRSETA vector of E. Coli. This was determined through multiple procedures beginning with purifying the sample with Ni +2 agarose chromatography which showcased the relative fluorescent activity of the samples, which elution sample two (E2) had approximately 100,592.2 RFU/mg . The yield of total ...

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Study Of Solubility Equilibrium Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,165 Words)

The solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water and it dependence of temperature were investigated in this experiment. The solubility product constant was determined at different temperature through acid-base titration against NaOH. A linear graph was obtained by plotting ln Ksp against 1/T and positive correlation between temperatures and solubility product constant was observed. This study concluded that solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate ...

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How to maintain a healthy body

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,092 Words)

How to Maintain a Healthy Body How do we maintain a healthy body? To look at this we need to first decide what health means. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."1 If this is the case then having a healthy diet may not mean that we ...

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The Vlt And Naco Instrumentation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (5,090 Words)

This report describes the Very Large Telescope array in Chile, the VLT consists of four Unit Telescopes with main mirrors of 8.2m diameter and four movable Auxiliary Telescopes with main mirrors of 1.8m diameter. One of the Unit Telescopes, UT 4, is discussed in more detail, specifically its location, mounting, optics, the range and focus locations and the available instruments. The last part of the report is ...

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Energy Drink Effects On Heart Rate And Blood Pressure Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,678 Words)

Introduction Many people as well as university students ingest various energy drinks in order to keep them alert during extensive tasks and projects. There is very little evidence of energy drink effects on enhancement of mental and physical performance. However, it is generally thought that energy drinks provide uplift of energy. Majority marketed energy drinks contain main ingredient caffeine, which sometimes accompanied by different types of simple ...

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volatiles from crushed allium sativum on radish seed germination growth

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,643 Words)

Allelopathy, is a vast concept in biology. We will be observing the effects of allelopathy on radish seed growth. A phenomenon that effects the survival, growth and reproduction of organisms other then ones self. This is a product of the biochemical's produced from another organism, called allelopathy. In nature, allelopathy is used as a defense mechanism against competing plant organisms, predatory animals and such. We would generally ...

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What Is A Buffer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,378 Words)

AÂ bufferÂ is anÂ aqueous solutionÂ that has a highly stableÂ pH. If you addÂ acidÂ orÂ baseÂ to a buffered solution, its pH will not change significantly. Similarly, adding water to a buffer or allowing water to evaporate will not change the pH of a buffer. A buffer is a substance in a solution that can neutralize either an acid or a base. A substance is said to be naturally buffered if it has a ...

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Indian Heat Desiccated Traditional Milk Product Khoa Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,865 Words)

Khoa is a traditional dairy product which is produced in India by both organized and unorganized sector. It is the base for various traditional sweets manufactured in India. Apart from the traditional method of manufacturing khoa many methods were developed recently for the manufacture and storage of it. In the present essay I had mentioned about various technologies available for manufacture and storage of khoa. According to ...

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Digestion And Absorption Of Carbohydrates Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,249 Words)

The last of many carbohydrate digestion and absorption of about 20 years because they have been learning this new knowledge, in many ways, changed the thinking of our dietary carbohydrates completely. Now, is not completely digestible starch, and know that, indeed, is some very bad digestion. We learned the undigested carbohydrate bulking agent is not a neutral, an important physiological effects, as well as contribute to energy ...

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Nausea And Vomiting In Pregnancy Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,844 Words)

Morning sickness its refers to the nausea and/or vomiting affected 50 to 80 of pregnant women during first trimesters. It is caused by the sudden increase in hormones during pregnancy. Although morning sickness is more common in the morning, it can occur at anytime of the day or night. Some pregnant women may develop hyperemesis gravidarum that is more serious condition involving severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight ...

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The effect of caffeine on heart rate

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,728 Words)

In this experiment, I am going to determine the effect of different concentration of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. Daphnia is assumed as the substitute of human being in this experiment to investigate the effect of chemicals on the heart beat of living organisms. Heart beat is the frequency of heart contraction in one complete cardiac cycle. The average heart rate of human is 72 ...

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Hydrophobic And Hydrophilic Interaction In Protein Folding Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,389 Words)

Review the mechanism of protein folding Module: Enzyme Technology and Biocatalysts Module leader: Prof. Steve Forsythe Proteins are the bio molecules which play pivotal role in this living world. They are responsible for expression of certain characters in different types of cells and constitute around 50% of the total cell dried mass. Proteins are the chain of amino acids which binds with polypeptide backbone and then fold ...

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chromosome analysis of chicken, quail and chicken-quail hybrids

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,101 Words)

Chicken, quail and Chicken-Quail hybrids were used as objects of study, in order to investigate the crossing incompatibility between Chicken-Quail in the level of chromosome. Chromosome specimens are prepared by the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivation, airing and embryonic, with karyotype, G and C band analysis. The results showed that the number of chromosomes of chicken and quail are 2n = 78, including 10 pairs macrochromosomesand 29 minute ...

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Giardiasis Infection Of Small Intenstine Occurring Worldwide Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,204 Words)

Giardiasis is the widespread infection of the small intestine. It is caused by a flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia in humans. It is also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis. It occurs all over the world but is more common in places where hygienic environment is insufficient and where drinking water are not treated properly and also among people using common swimming pools , travellers, and those ...

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Measurement Of Extent Of Nonenzymatic Browning Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,010 Words)

Processing, storage and preparation of foods and food ingredient are the source or factors that cause development of brown colour-browning reaction. There is two type of browning reaction, one is the enzyme-catalyzed and another one is nonenzymatic browning. Enzyme-catalyzed browning involves oxidation of food component, example changing the structure of reducing sugar by amino group. For nonenzymatic browning normally included Caramelization of sugar and maillard reaction. Sugar ...

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Reservoir Limit Test In Moving Boundary Reservoirs Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,998 Words)

Reservoir limit testing is a powerful tool used to estimate the reservoir volumes of finite systems. The procedure was first introduced by Jone's(1) which is restricted to only depletion drive reservoirs due to the boundary conditions assumed to solve the redial pseudo-steady-state flow diffusivity equation. But in water and/or gas cap drive reservoirs, water influx and gas intrusion affects test results and then the conventional procedure of ...

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Role Of E Coli And Salmonella Food Spoilage Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,551 Words)

Food is sometimes contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, there are many sort of Pathogenic bacteria it is very dangers for human, animal, salmonella one of them, it is frequently found in fowl ,eggs ,raw approved by pets similar to turtles and birds, salmonella is bacterium which is one of the commonest causes of food spoilage worldwide , there are more than 2,000 dissimilar sorts of salmonella , but ...

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Role Of The Kidney In Regulation Of Water Balance Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,521 Words)

Water is a vital molecule for the human body. Approximately 98% of the human body is made up of water. Human beings cannot survive if their water content decreases below 12%; hence the homeostasis of water is an important mechanism. Water has many important functions in our body. Water acts as a transport medium in blood and secretion e.g. in digestive juices, tears. Water is a good ...

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E Coli A Food Borne Disease Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,600 Words)

Escherichia coli, or E.coli, is a versatile bacterium which has many different strains with different adaptations. Most strains are harmless and found as normal flora within the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. (Meers, et al.,1995) There are, however, some strains, for example O157:H7, which can cause disease, and are usually sourced from food contamination. (Semenova, et al., 2010). The following is a discussion focused on ...

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Hplc Method For Analysis Of Piroxicam In Gel Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,266 Words)

ABSTRACT: A simple, precise method using HPLC method was developed for the determination of piroxicam in gel. A reversed phase HPLC system was used consisting of C18 column with the dimension size of 150mm x 4.6mm. 55 volumes of methanol and 45 volumes of phosphate buffer (0.05M, pH 7) are used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1ml/min and the effluent was monitored at 254nm. ...

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Plant Tissue Culture Establishment Of Aseptic Cultures Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,542 Words)

Basically the techniques of plant cultures consist of taking a piece of plant such as a stem tip, meristems, seed or even an embryo and placing it in a liquid, semi-solid or solid in sterilization, nutritious medium for the tissue to growth. The common medium is gel-based such as agar or broth (Wikipedia, 2010). The formulation of medium is depends on the products whether trying to produce ...

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Cave Formation of Ghar Dalam

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,715 Words)

Ghar Dalam is literally translated to be the 'Cave of Darkness'. It is found in the South-eastern part of the Maltese island and located in the north-east bank of Wied Dalam. The Cave is seen to be 144 meters deep and about 15.5 meters above sea level. (Malta Heritage, 2008). A general view plan of the cave is seen in photo 1. The cave has yielded a ...

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Virus-host receptor interactions in biology

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,328 Words)

Abstract Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and, as such, must penetrate a suitable host cell in order to replicate their genomes and disseminate. Most viruses are limited to a specific set of cells or tissues in which they can successfully replicate, and this may be in one or more particular species. When viruses are able to bind a variety of cells, the pathogenesis and overall effect on ...

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Selective Toxicity And Exposure Types Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,275 Words)

Reactions and effects of the chemical depends majority of the time on species and most of the major differences of species and their effects depend on quality of metabolism of the person. Other people that are exposed may show physiological differences instead. In animals for example, a study shows that rats cannot get rid of inhaled or ingested toxic therefore leaving them extremely vulnerable to disease and ...

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Uncoupler Of Oxidative Phosphorylation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,010 Words)

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria inhibit the coupling between the electron transport and phosphorylation reactions and thus inhibit ATP synthesis without affecting the respiratory chain and ATP synthase. Uncouplers inhibit ATP synthesis by preventing this coupling reaction in such a fashion that the energy produced by redox reactions cannot be used for phosphorylation. Uncouplers include DNP, valinomycin, and CCCP. Most of them are hydrophobic weak acids ...

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Dna Damage Response And Repair Mechanisms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,069 Words)

The stability of the genome is constantly under attack from both endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. These agents, as well as naturally occurring processes such as DNA replication and recombination can result in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are potentially lethal and so eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate pathway, the DNA damage response, which detects the damage, recruits proteins to the DSBs, activates checkpoints to ...

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Phases Of A Cell Cycle Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,559 Words)

Interphase is a part of the cell cycle in which the cell reproduces more DNA, it is the time when a cell accomplishes the most this is the time that the cell is preparing to divide. It is duplicating its organells and increasing the amount of cytoplasm it has in order to undergo cell division interphase constitutes the longest period of the cell cycle and is divided ...

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