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Enzyme Lab Report Of Alkaline Phosphatase Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,113 Words)

An in vitro reaction was performed to examine the catalytic properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) a hydrolase enzyme and the synthetic substrate 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (4-NPP). For every molecule of 4-NPP consumed in the reaction, 1 molecule of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 1 molecule of orthophosphate is produced. We performed an assay of ALP with 4-NPP as the substrate and the reaction product 4-NP to determine the spectral properties ...

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The Amino Acid Phenylalanine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,509 Words)

Phenylalanine is an electrically neutral amino acid with the chemical formula C9H11NO2. This essential amino acid is one of 20 building blocks of proteins in humans. Due to its benzyl group, phenylalanine is hydrophobic. Since its discovery in 1879, phenylalanine has been studied for its antidepressant and analgesic effects. The synthesis of phenylalanine is complex and does not occur in mammals. The metabolism of phenylalanine produces various ...

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Determining The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,037 Words)

The basic structure of penicillin.The first two steps in cell wall synthesis specifically the formation of acetylglucosamine to from peptidoglycan chains, cannot be inhibited by penicillin. However, in the final step where the crosslinking between peptidoglycan by side peptide chains, the penicillin inhibits this process. This is because penicillin has similar structure to the terminal D-alanine-D-alanine if the pentapeptide, which binds covalently to the active site of ...

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Production Of Single Cell Protein Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

19 Pages (7,453 Words)

ABSTRACT The possibility of using Koji making fermentor for, Arachniotus citrinus and Candida utilis, single cell protein (SCP) production was investigated. The MBP was produced from deoiled rice bran in 300 Kg Koji making fermentor after optimize fermentation conditions in 250 ml flasks by solid state fermentation. The A. citrinus supported maximum values of substrate to water ratio (1:2), 0.05% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.075% CaCl2. 2H2O, 0.25% KH2PO4, C:N ...

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Chromatography Separation Of Dye Mixture Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,382 Words)

Chromatography is a technique used to separate the components of a mixture 1. There are two phases in chromatography, the stationary phase (absorbed solvent) and the mobile phase (moving solvent). The process of chromatography involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase. Since each phase has a different distribution coefficient, the components travel at a different rate and thus get separated. The ...

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Methods Of Treating Tendon Injuries In Horses Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,246 Words)

Tendons are soft structures within the body composed of dense collagenous tissue which connect muscles to bones. They transmit the force created in the muscles to the bones thus making joint movement possible as well as providing stability (Benjamin and Ralphs, 1998). Tendons consist of ground substance or extracellular matrix which is mainly made up of water, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and the main organic components which are type ...

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Use Of Transition Metals In Nanotechnology Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,941 Words)

Nanotechnology or "nanotech" is the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers. It is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. It deals with creating of nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of 1 to 100 nanometres. Nanotechnology offers the potential to overcome many of the serious issues facing mankind over the ...

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DNA Tracing In Forensics Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,362 Words)

Within violent crimes, evidence needs to be gathered to provide expert witness testimony often when the perpetrator may have tried to conceal or remove evidence. The aim of this project is to investigate whether blood would be present after laundering blood soaked clothing. The materials used for this project are man-made e.g. polyester and nylon, and also natural fibres including cotton and silk. Blood will be placed ...

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Regulation Of Hydrogen Ion H Concentration Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,293 Words)

Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the body is a necessity for normal bodily functions. The concentration of H+ in all bodily fluids are maintained to keep pH ranges between narrow limits, this maintenance is known as acid-base balance (AB).Arterial blood pH is kept between 7.35-7.45, venous blood is kept close to 7.35. Most diseases/conditions disturb AB, AB changes can be more harmful than the original pathology. ...

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Introduction To Antispasmodic Drugs Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,011 Words)

It is also the contraction amount that remains if a muscle is not working active. Hypertonia is not consciously controlled. We find skeletal , circulatory , nerve or inflammatory distress start with hypertonic muscle spasm, a condition caused by the interruption of nerve feedback loops between muscle and brain. True hypertonic spasm is caused by a malfunction of the nerves feedback is much more serious, and it ...

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How Water Balance Regulated By Adh Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,092 Words)

The kidneys are essential for regulating the volume and composition of bodily fluids. This page outlines key regulatory systems involving the kidneys for controlling volume, sodium and potassium concentrations, and the pH of bodily fluids. A most critical concept for you to understand is how water and sodium regulation are integrated to defend the body against all possible disturbances in the volume and osmolarity of bodily fluids. ...

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Effect on Catalase and Lipase From Variation in Environmental Factors

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,618 Words)

Abstract Enzyme is a biological catalyst, which is use to speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy barriers. The functions of the enzyme are directly related to its structure, and hence, denaturation will occur if its shape is altered. There are optimal conditions where it supports enzymes in its most active structure, such as the best temperature, pH, and concentration of enzymes and substrates ...

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Isolation Of Dementia Drugs From Nature Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,357 Words)

Alzheimers disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a decline in cognitive function such as memory loss, disorientation, impairment of motor skills and emotional and behavioural problems [1] . It is the most common form of dementia observed in the elderly population and it prevalence is on the increase. This has lead to a more focused approach in the research and development of treatment for the Alzheimer's disease. People ...

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How the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium conditions and diffusion through a semipermeable membrane are involved in creating the resting membrane potential

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,094 Words)

Introduction The resting membrane potential (RMP) is an electrical potential difference in cells, occurring across their plasma membranes. The cytoplasm of the cell is electrically negative in comparison to the surrounding extracellular fluid, this difference in electrical charge gives rise to the RMP. The RMP is essential for the functioning of many electrically excitable cells including, neuronal cells, smooth and skeletal muscle cells, as well as cardiac ...

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Prevalence Of Haemonchus Contortus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,795 Words)

Some house holds in cities depend on livestock keeping as a source of livelihood. Most urban farmers have resorted to keeping animals which require less space for example small ruminants since land in urban areas is a scarce resource. Uganda has a total of 5.2 million goats according to a report by the Uganda bureau of statistics. In mukono district, 2.9% of the agricultural households rear sheep ...

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Background Information Of Yeast Culture Lab Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,520 Words)

In the laboratory, yeasts are stored, maintained & cultivated with the help of few elementary methods. Yeasts, being a group of unicellular organisms taken care of similar to those of most bacteria except that their nutritional & environmental requirements vary. Yeast: TheseÂ are microorganismsÂ having cells with membrane-bound nuclei .Yeasts are unicellular and its size may vary greatly depending on the species. Yeasts have asexual and sexual reproductive cycles ...

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Review Of Brood Parasitism Of The Common Cuckoo Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,409 Words)

Brood parasitism by the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus has excited wonder, interest and speculation like few other bird behaviors. Its a species which had been studied and observed well before Darwin's time, generating a wealth of information that has provided a deeper understanding of interactions among species. However, recent studies are bringing up more details of the coevolutionary relationship between the cuckoo and its hosts. The aim ...

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Improved Immunotherapy Of Human Cancer Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,370 Words)

Cancer diseases are implicated to be the second cause leading to the death in the world. Thus, from long time there were some questions have been raised in order to understand the molecular basis of the main reasons behind it and then find the suitable treatments .These questions involved; do cancer cells displays tumor-specific antigens, can the immune system distinguish these antigens and if yes, what is ...

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Effects of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic agents

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,936 Words)

Aims/Objectives - To study the effect of sympathomimemtic and parasympathomimetic agents on guinea pig atria and ventricles. - To study the frequency and strength of muscle contractions when using different drugs on guinea pig atria and ventricles. - To be able to describe the effect of isoprenaline and propanolol AND acetylcholine and atropine on guinea pig atria and ventricular tissue. 1.0 Introduction The heart ...

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Scientific Research Assignment Hepatitis B Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,224 Words)

Hepatitis BÂ is an infectious illness caused byÂ hepatitis B virusÂ which infects the liver of humans, and cause anÂ inflammationÂ called hepatitis (World Health Organization, 2010). It is formerly known as 'serum hepatitis', the disease has causedÂ aÂ widespreadÂ outbreak thatÂ infectsÂ manyÂ people at the same timeÂ in parts ofÂ AsiaÂ andÂ Africa, and specific regional inÂ China.Â There are more than 2 billion people who have been infected with the hepatitis B virus, including 350 millionÂ chronic carriersÂ of the virus (Wikipedia ...

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The Behaviour Of A Supralittoral Gastropod Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,723 Words)

The species chosen for this experiment (or rather set of experiments) is Melarhaphe neritoides. This is a very common (small) species of snail found distributed along the rocky Maltese shores. It is listed in the Phylum Mollusca (Class Gastropoda) and grows to about just under 1cm. Its sides are flat (unlike the more common rounded shell found amongst molluscs) and has a high pointed spire. An operculum ...

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Drowning And Near Drowning Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,471 Words)

According to the new definition adopted by the WHO in 2002, Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid. Drowning is defined as death from asphyxia that occurs within the first 24 hours of submersion in water. Near drowning refers to survival that lasts beyond 24 hours after a submersion episode. Hence, it connotes an immersion episode of sufficient severity to warrant medical ...

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Microorganisms In Waste Water Treatment Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,502 Words)

When people think of microorganisms, they tend to think of unsafe pathogens. While this may be of concern there are beneficial microorganisms living ubiquitously around us as well. Microorganisms that live in air, soil, and groundwater live in a symbiotic cycle, consuming harmful chemicals and masses of organic materials. Therefore, it is only natural that scientists would harness the natural biodegradation of these in the field of ...

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Separating A Binary Mixture Of Naphthalene And Biphenyl Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,194 Words)

Napthalene and biphenyl mixture is a binary mixture of substances where the substances are very similar to each other as can be observed from their structures. Due to their similarities in physical properties their separation cannot be accomplished by simple crystallisation solvent extraction. Therefore, in such case, there must be a chemically modification of one of the components to render it significally different from the other constituents. ...

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Children Sergei Natasha Islayev Consequence Small Flaw Mhc Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,750 Words)

The immune system is complex, containing thousands of components. On the whole this highly adaptive system works well, protecting the individual primarily against the threat of disease caused by infectious organisms (Wood, 2006). However, the immune system can deteriorate and fail should any component of this refined system be mutated or compromised. In this report, an overview of the immune system will be covered, along with an ...

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What Are The Characteristics And Uses Of Polyesters Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,633 Words)

Scrunch it, wash it - without any wear and wrinkles. Thats what polyester became famous for. Polyester was the fabric of choice in a changing economy of speed, efficiency and convenience. If the food industry produced fries and coke, the textile industry supplemented it with Polyester - quick, cheap and easy. It was W.H.Carothers who discovered that alcohols and carboxyl acids could be successfully mixed to create ...

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Hplc Analysis Of Aloe Vera Tablets Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,457 Words)

The project work was aimed to achieve the quantitative determination of aloin and aloe emodin in the form of tablets by employing HPLC. The method used was reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Calibration curve method was used for the quantification of aloin and aloe emodin. The mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile and deionised water in the ratio of 60:40 respectively. The mobile phase was ...

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The Use Of Enzymes In Textile Industry Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,172 Words)

Enzymes are bio-catalysts and are used in several industrial processes since nineteenth century. Its use in textile industry is an example of industrial or white revolution. Enzymes, due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics, have gained wide applications in textile industry. Not only they are highly specific, efficient and work under mild conditions but also they help reduce process times, save energy and water, improve quality of ...

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The Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,520 Words)

This Literature review is divided into three main parts. They are, Surface Plasmon Resonance, BIACORE 3000 and Winspall. In these three mechanism, Surface Plasmon Resonance stood a basic platform for optical bio- sensing whereas BIACORE 3000 is an extended version. On the other hand, Winspall is a special software used to simulate the reflectivity curves. The first part of the literature review is Surface Plasmon Resonance which ...

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Muscular System

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,811 Words)

Muscular System There are numerous similarities and differences between the mink's muscular system and that of a human's. For example, the superficial musculatures of the back of the mink's and humans have many distinctions. First of all, humans do not have the longissimus dorsi on the superficial layer which covers the majority of the back for the mink. It covers from the end of the latissimus ...

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Citric Acid Production By Aspergillus Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,464 Words)

Aspergillus niger produces many primary and secondary metabolites. Citric acid is an organic acid, produced as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle or the citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle), which is the part of the metabolism of almost all living organisms. This essay would include an introduction about citric acid and its production, the citric acid cycle, industrial production of citric acid, ...

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Importance Of Ascorbic Acid In Fish Diets Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,418 Words)

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an important nutrient in fish diets and especially in freshwater fish. In fishes does not occur the biosynthesis of Vitamin C therefore must be supplied in the food. The fish requirements are approximately 200 mg/kg food but these are related to many factors like influence of stress, the growth rate, the size of the fish, temperature of water and to the other ...

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Tetrodotoxin And The Threat Of Bioterrorism Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,697 Words)

The threat of bioterrorism remains a reality worldwide, although of low probability, an attack would be a high-consequence event. Microbes are available to individuals with appropriate contacts and even many low-grade bacterial pathogens can severely affect health. Toxins provide bacteria with a system of defense that is often detrimental to humans and their versatility makes them potential tools of bioterrorism. It should be remembered that the aim ...

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Synthetic And Spectroscopic Studies Of Triacetone Triperoxide Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

14 Pages (5,465 Words)

TATP belongs to the organic peroxide class of molecules with a structure containing three oxygen-oxygen bonds as part of a C-O-O-C linkage (Figure 1). The nine-membered, trimer is classified more specifically as a ketone peroxide and is formed through reaction of acetone and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst. The low bond energy of the oxygen-oxygen bond renders organic peroxides thermochemically unstable with trimeric ...

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Chemistry Eei Separating Mixture Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,543 Words)

To separate these mixtures it was appropriate to understand the physical and chemical structures of all the substances situated within the mixture. After separating these mixtures based on their physical and chemical properties; it was then appropriate to compare their experimental masses compared to their actual masses. Once separating these mixtures and comparing their masses it was important to record any discrepancies which may have been observed ...

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Why Crude Glycerol Is Purified Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,701 Words)

Crude glycerol is the by product produced throughout the biodiesel production process. However glycerol produced at this stage is crude glycerol which is about 80% pure and contains other contaminants like methanol, water, salt and soap. Crude glycerol has approximately about 45% glycerol, 10-15% water and methanol, 10-15% salt, and 30% soaps by weight2. This crude glycerol is not a highly valued chemical so a purification process ...

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Effect Of Concentration Changes On Equilibrium Yields Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,083 Words)

Part 1 : Effect of concentration changes on equilibrium yields THEORY The solution of Fe(SCN)2+ with which you have been supplied contains the ions Fe3+ , SCN- and Fe(SCN)2+ at equilibrium according to the equation : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) Fe(SCN)2+(aq) (pale yellow) (colourless) (blood red) The intense, bloodÃ¢â‚¬â€˜red colour of the solution is due to the presence of the Fe(SCN)2+(aq) ion. The colour of the solution in ...

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Investigating the factor affecting osmosis in potatos

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,212 Words)

Osmosis is diffusion of water molecules moving from a particularly permeable membrane from a high concentration to a lower concentration. The water molecules can pass both ways through the membrane in two-way traffic, but there is a steady net flow of water molecules into the lower concentration of water. In figure 1 is a diagram showing how osmosis takes place. What affects the rate of osmosis? There ...

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Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors In The Pig Urinary Bladder Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,980 Words)

Background and purpose. This investigation sought to identify the principal muscarinic receptor subtype associated with contraction of the pig bladder. Additionally, comparisons of muscarinic receptor expression in the pig bladder and caudate nucleus were conducted. Experimental approach. Contractility of isolated strips of pig bladder was assessed using isotonic tension recordings in an organ bath. Radioligand binding to particulate preparations from pig caudate nucleus and bladder detrusor was ...

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donepezil hydrochloride

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,306 Words)

Abstract- This article describes the discovery processes of donepezil hydrochloride which is inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Cholinergic hypothesis and other studies proved that deterioration in cognitive functions in Alzheimer disease is due to deficit in cholinergic neurotransmission and target to treat Alzheimer disease is to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Position emission tomography (PET) study has shown that donepezil distributes in all acetylcholineterase rich brain regions and binds to ...

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The Diagnosis Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Sle Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (6,996 Words)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multi-systemic autoimmune disease that was first described in 1941, by Klemperer and colleagues (Gonzalez-Buitrago and Gonzalez, 2006). It is a disease that can attack almost any organ or system in the body, where imbalances in self tolerance create an abnormal immune response to self proteins resulting in autoimmunity (Male et al, 2006). SLE is a disease that has a strong correlation to ...

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Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,609 Words)

Glass Ionomer Cements is produced when ion-leachable calcium alumino-silicate glass powder that has fluoride is reacted with polyalkenoic acid. In recent times, the utilizing of Glass Ionomer Cements has been widespread in dentistry since GIC can be adapted by joining it with a number of materials and its properties may be additionally enhanced. Generally, Glass Ionomer Cements are categorized into three major classes: conventional, metal-reinforced along with ...

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Rates Of Respiration In Peas Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,243 Words)

Cellular respiration, aerobic, meaning occurring in the presence of oxygen occurs in the case of seeds. Respiration is the process by which cells breakdown or oxidize the organic molecule glucose into the lower energy state CO and H O. During this process, energy in the form of ATP is released. For aerobic respiration to occur the extremely electronegative diatomic element Oxygen is required in large amounts. So, ...

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Trypanosomiasis African Sleeping Sickness Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,550 Words)

Trypanosomiasis, commonly known as African sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease (World Health Organization, 2011). The parasitic protozoans that cause this disease are called trypanosomes from the genus Trypanosoma, and are transmitted by the bite of tsetse fly. Tsetse flies are about the size of a housefly, and are extremely aggressive. The tsetse fly is endemic in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Trypanosomes are classified as part ...

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Coffee A Review Of Possible Health Benefits Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,928 Words)

Coffee: A Review of Possible Health Benefits. One of the world's most widely consumed beverages, coffee, has been enjoyed by people for centuries. The coffee shrub, a bush bearing rich green leaves, pale flowers, and vivid red berries, stems from East Africa, and was introduced to the Americas in the early 1700s. Today, the United States accounts for nearly a quarter of the worldwide yearly consumption of ...

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Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,668 Words)

A drug delivery system can be defined as the mechanism for the introduction of drug and other therapeutic agents into the body for treating any disease. An ideal drug delivery system possesses two elements: (1) the ability to target -to ensure high efficiency and reduce the side effects, (2) controlled drug release & (3) prevention of side effects [8]. Using nanomaterials for drug delivery NDD (nanoparticle drug ...

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Infectious And Communicable Diseases From Bacteria Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,091 Words)

Infectious diseases or 'communicable diseases' are those caused from pathological microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions, etc, which can spread from one person to another by direct or indirect means. Infectious diseases can also spread from animals to man or vice-versa (WHO, 2010). Throughout history, microorganisms, the causative organisms for infectious diseases have been playing an active role. Many native populations during the middle Ages have ...

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Plant Hormones And Induction Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,435 Words)

Plant tissue culture can encompasses different types of plant cell, tissues and organs cultures under aseptic control. The importance of tissue culture technology for large scale multiplication and for commercial purposes is well understood. Many commercial growers are using this technique, especially for propagation of ornamental plants. Despite the well-known importance of plant tissue culture, this technique is sometimes restrained by limited knowledge of tissue and organ ...

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Determination Of Glucose In Coke And Gatorade Drinks Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,837 Words)

Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the glucose levels present in a Coke and Gatorade sample using Spectrophotometry. Due to an error in the method, the results of this experiment were inaccurate and the sample data was used. Using this data there was found to be a positive linear trend between glucose concentration and absorbance. From this the Coke and Gatorade glucose concentrations were calculated to ...

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Recycling Aluminium Into Alum Crystals Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,785 Words)

This experiment was designed to recycle aluminium into alum crystals which have uses in industry. The aluminium was converted to alum by heating the metal samples with potassium hydroxide solution. The product was then reacted with sulphuric acid followed by crystallization. Overall, five trials were conducted with the only variable being the mass of aluminium used. The mass of crystals produced increased until the trial of 0.9g, ...

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Report on rituximab as a biologic

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,800 Words)

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that has been one of the most prevalent biologics on the market, and has made some very significant sales over the last few years. It was originally designed in 1986 by IDEC pharmaceuticals. The drug is now being marketed under the brand names Rituxin and MabThera, dependant on the region. The antibody is chimeric in nature and is comprised of murine ...

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Plasmid Retention And Bacteria Growth In E Coli Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,124 Words)

The increasing interest by the industry in recombinant protein production has caused an intensive study in this area during the last years. However, it is well known that there are a number of issues associated with the high expression of a recombinant protein. E. coli is one of the most used organisms for this purpose. In this organism, the most common and challenging problem is the formation ...

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Identification Of Bacillus Coagulans From Agricultural Soil Sample Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,492 Words)

Soil is a common substance that is found almost everywhere in the world and is home to a diverse community of microorganisms, especially for bacteria. Bacteria are so common in soil that surface soil can be home to 108 to 109 bacterial cells per gram of dry soil (Prescott et al.1999). This quantity of bacterium in soil, however, decreases deeper into the subsurface of the soil. There ...

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Structural Compartmentation Of Mammalian Cells Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,495 Words)

Mammalian cells are eukaryotic cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and vast sub-cellular compartments called organelles, this structure defines eukaryotic cells and is the significant feature that makes them differ to prokaryotic cells. The organelles within the mammalian cell are the structures required for biological processes, which include making protein and extracting and utilising usable energy from food. This Compartmentation allows incompatible chemical reactions to be separated ...

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Food Allergy Vs Food Intolerance Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,012 Words)

Sean has a peanut allergy. The accidental ingestion of that cookie resulted in a severe allergic reaction, in which a very visible red, itchy rash instantly spread across his face, neck, chest, and arms, in which his face, lips, and tongue swelled almost beyond recognition, and he began to have trouble breathing. Thankfully, a quick shot of medicine into his quadracep muscle and a trip to the ...

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Voltage Gated Ion Channels In The Daphnia Heart Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,189 Words)

It may be possible to use other tissues rather than that of higher animals as an educational tool for the study of pharmacological drugs. Previous experimental studies were carried out in order to determine how closely related the basic electrophysiology of daphnia heart was to the human heart. Work such as that of Krijgsman and Krijgsman - Berger (1950,1951) indicated that the automatism of the heart of ...

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Diagnosis And Treatment Of Haemoglobinopathies Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,567 Words)

Haemoglobinopathy is a genetic inherited disorder. Haemoglobinopaty is associated to geographical distribution disease; it is most common in population of Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean, Asia and Southeast Asia. Haemogloninopathies are subdivided into two main significant genetic diseases thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Transfusion treatment and bone morrow oar stem cell transplantation therapy use for treatment and management both diseases. But in sickle cell disease (SCD) there are ...

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Structure And Function Of The Lower Urinary Tract Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,781 Words)

The main function of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is to store urine ,passed down from the kidneys through the ureters, and to expel it through the outflow tract to the exterior. The outflow tract is composed of the bladder neck and urethra. Reciprocal function between the bladder and urethra allows for micturition to occur. The common pattern associated with micturition is an initial drop in urethral ...

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The Formation Of Pseudomonas Biofilms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

18 Pages (7,185 Words)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. the organism is so stubburn so that it can grow in any environment and also at high temperatures such as 420C. The unique ability of the organism is forming biofilm. The biofilms are formed by the organism with the association with a surface. The surface may be anything such ...

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The History Of Dengue Fever Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,313 Words)

Two years ago, my friend died due to dengue fever. At that time no one was familiar with that disease. In starting, his temperature; got out of control. He had intense pain in his body. He had a high headache. After a day, he started vomiting with blood. Everyone was very much worried about him. His parents took him to the hospitals. Doctor suggested him to have ...

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Background of rock melon

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,882 Words)

Rock Melon came from the melon family of Cantaloupe. It is a famous fruit in Europe especially in Mediterranean region. It is also famous in USA in different variety which is called muskmelon. C:\Documents and Settings\dburke\Desktop\rockmelon-resized.jpg In Japan, this fruit is in demand as far back as the late century and has very high demand. From this it has a title for it as "Royal Fruit" from ...

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Bacterial Transformation Plasmid Isolation Restriction Digest Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,358 Words)

Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up genes from its surrounding environment.Â Â Scientists take advantage of this as a way to introduce foreign genes into a bacterial cell in order to amplify that specific gene.Â They isolate those bacteria (or select them) by selectively destroying those bacteria that did not take up the plasmid.Â They begin this process by incorporating a desired gene (in this ...

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The Clostridium Difficile Infections Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,438 Words)

The organism known as Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacillus bacteria which has the ability to form spores, as well as produce a number of toxins. The toxins produced by these bacteria are presently considered to be one of the forefront causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).In addition, infection of this bacteria and the subsequent damage which is instigated by the organism's invasive toxins can lead to several ...

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Binding of qnb and atropine to muscarinic acetylcholine

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,817 Words)

Cholinergic relates to the responses in various systems to the neuro-transmitter molecule Acetycholine (ACh). Â They are the protein that are permanently attached to theÂ biological membrane or the integral membrane proteinÂ (IMP). If the set of response is seen where Ach is a normal transmitter it is seen that they are grouped based on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that respond to nicotine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) that bind ...

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Different Shades Of Light Affect Rate Of Photosynthesis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,264 Words)

Plants occur around the world in a wide variety of environments. Plants are able to adapt to their surroundings because of photosynthesis. What affects the rate of photosynthesis? First, one must be able to identify what photosynthesis is. Photosynthesis is processing light. The formula for photosynthesis is 6H2O + 6CO2 ------Æ’Â C6 H12O 6 + 6O 2. This ultimately means that water and carbon dioxide produce sugar ...

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Glucose homeostasis

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,849 Words)

Research and produce a short report on glucose homeostasis, and the cause and treatment of diabetes mellitus Homeostasis stems from a Greek work that means to "stand equally". The human body uses this to control it's conditions for its own survival. All sorts of factors contribute to homeostasis such as, temperature, energy requirements which is glucose that is the main source energy that has to be regulated ...

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Oral Cavity Anatomy Mouth Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,374 Words)

The process of the digestion starts with the formation of the complex of the food which is done by the chewing of the food with the teeth and the chemical action of the saliva and the composite of the food is otherwise known as the bolus. The process of swallowing the food is known as Deglutition and the mouth plays a vital role by receiving the food, ...

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Probiotics Non Pathogenic Microorganisms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,081 Words)

Introduction Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms which when ingested exert a positive influence on host health or physiology [1]. The probiotic microorganisms are strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Saccharomyces. They are mostly which are used in fermentation of dairy products and found in food, food supplements or in drugs. Microorganisms should be alive, in huge numbers more than a billion per daily ingested dose. [2]. Consuming probiotics ...

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Control The Polymerization Of Alkyl Cyanoacrylate Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

12 Pages (4,533 Words)

Due to high reactivity and exceptional adhesive characteristics of poly (alkyl α-cyanoacrylate), in recent years, alkyl α-cyanoacrylate monomers become more and more popular and have been widely used in various aspects of daily life. The α-cyanoacrylates with short alkyl chains are usually used as glue for repairing and do-it-yourself activities [1] while longer alkyl chain α-cyanoacrylates are commonly employed in biomedical field due to their biocompatible and ...

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The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,145 Words)

It is imperative, as a sports therapist, to understand the process of soft tissue repair to develop a safe and effective management plan for clients' injury problems. Understanding this, allows us to decide what modalities or interventions to apply. If certain therapy techniques or inappropriate exercises are applied, it can lead to further problems in the healing stages. A therapist cannot change the time is takes to ...

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Effect Of Different Colours On Blood Pressure Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,946 Words)

ABSTRACT This project was designed to determine the effect of different colours on blood pressure. A total of 24 subjects were required to look at specific colour for 2 minutes. Their respective blood pressure was measured respectively before and after each experiment. Time interval of 3 minutes after each measurement was set up to ensure blood pressure falls back to normal value before the next colour exposure. ...

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Edge Detection Methods In Digital Image Processing Technology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

10 Pages (3,760 Words)

The current work focuses on the study of different edge detection techniques and analysis of there relative performances. The recent advance of image processing has motivated on the various edge detection techniques. There are many ways to perform the edge detection. However the majority of different methods may be categorized into two groups, i.e. Gradient based and Laplacian based. Also we introduce stochastic gradient method which gives ...

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Survival Mechanisms Of Plants Animals And Microorganisms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,405 Words)

Different animal species follow different mechanisms to survive in extremely low or high temperature. These mechanisms are physiological which aids to rise body temperature in cold environment or to lower body temperature in high temperature environment. When it comes to increasing body temperature in cold atmosphere, the shivering is one of the well known techniques seen in most of the animal species. This is a mechanism which ...

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Mutation In E Coli Bacterial Cells Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,305 Words)

In this experiment, mutation in E. coli bacterial cells is learned. Mutations occur when DNA sequence are altered: either deletions or insertions of a single or multiple base pair that can lead to frameshift mutations. Mutation frequency measures how frequently the cells are mutated in a given population. Spontaneously occurring mutation is not frequent (10-5 to 10-10 mutation frequency).2) Therefore, to induce the mutation, it would be ...

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Effect Of Moisture Contents And Storage Temperature Citrus Seeds Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

15 Pages (5,753 Words)

King et al. (1981) determined that the longevity of various citrus seeds improved as the storage temperature and moisture contents of seeds were decreased. The lemon, lime and sour orange dried up to 5 % moisture contents and stored at -20 °C suffered no significant decline in viability within the storage period of seven months for lime, lemon and sour orange respectively. Nayer (1981) examined that seeds ...

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Biology Essays - Factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,073 Words)

An essay on the factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics and the challenges managing these populations. Introduction The Neotropics includes Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Southern Florida and it also hold the greatest amount of standing forests. These wooded wildlands are mosaic in a variety of green that together add up to some 1.37 million acres. Mammals in these areas are affected by ...

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Protein Synthesis Within Dna Processes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,676 Words)

Protein synthesis is the process whereby DNA encodes for the production of amino acids and proteins. It is a very complex and precise process and as proteins make up over half of the dry mass of a cell, it is a vital process to the maintenance, growth and development of the cell. Proteins are widely used in the cell for a variety of reasons and have many ...

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The Isolation And Characterization Of Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,038 Words)

Proteins can be isolated from their native sources and purified by several methods. Egg white is known to be a rich source of dietary protein and after being subjected to salting out method its ovoglobulin content was separated from ovalbumin. The proteins were characterized using different tests and denatured through a series of denaturing conditions. The used egg white weighed 40.08g, the recovered dried ovoglobulin weighed 0.44g ...

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The Need For A Bionic Eye Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,582 Words)

Here, we present a description of a block scheme, specific features of design and results of testing for a prototype of a bionic eye, types of them and its applications. The bionic eye is intended to provide vision, partially to the visually impaired by use of the modern day electronics devices like CCD cameras. The comprises a computer chip that sits in the back of the individual's ...

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Body Systems In Regulation Of Extracellular Fluid Volume Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,365 Words)

About 60% of an adult human body is fluid, mainly a water solution of ions and other substances. Most of this fluid is inside the cells and in known as the intracellular fluid, but about one third is in the spaces outside the cells. This is the extracellular fluid (ECF). The ECF is divided into several smaller compartments, mainly blood plasma fluid and interstitial fluid which constitute ...

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The Transmission Electron Microscopy Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

17 Pages (6,439 Words)

The transmission electron microscope operates on the same basic principles as the light microscope but uses electrons instead of light. What you can see with a light microscope is limited by the wavelength of light. TEMs use electrons as "light source" and their much lower wavelength make it possible to get a resolution a thousand times better than with a light microscope. TEM uses a technique whereby ...

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Causes And Effects Of Strokes Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,795 Words)

Stroke is defined as "A neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours". - WHO (1970) A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by thrombosis or embolism or due to a hemorrhage. As a ...

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Overview Of Beta Blockers Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,338 Words)

Beta-blockers are a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems. They are used by millions of people around the world everyday. In 2004, they were the fifth most widely prescribed class of medicine. Beta-blockers are effective, life-saving medicines with more than 25 years of widespread and generally safe use. There are fourteen beta-blockers are currently available. These included Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Carvedilol, Esmolol, ...

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Pharmacokinetics And Drug Drug Interactions Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,048 Words)

Drug development is a complex multidisciplinary process during which a preclinical drug candidate is evaluated to assess its potential efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic and metabolism. The data produced in vitro and in vivo should be predictive of what will be observed in humans during clinical trials. A preclinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic group (DMPK) should investigate several properties of a drug candidate that are related to its ability ...

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The Role Of Hybridization In Speciation Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,456 Words)

Charles Darwin had published, The origin of species by natural selection, using his lifes discoveries and analysis to define what a species is and how species originate follow through as a contentious debate especially in the study of evolutionary biology. The study of evolution helps us to understand what species are by loosely idealizing it as alien till one feeds on their hunger to gain knowledge about ...

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Expression and Purification of recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (2,979 Words)

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment was to determine if a His-6 tagged recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein could be expressed in a pRSETA vector of E. Coli. This was determined through multiple procedures beginning with purifying the sample with Ni +2 agarose chromatography which showcased the relative fluorescent activity of the samples, which elution sample two (E2) had approximately 100,592.2 RFU/mg . The yield of ...

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The Identification Of Bacillus Subtilis The Mystery Bacterium Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,788 Words)

Mixed communities of microorganisms consisting of procaryotes such as bacteria, as well as eucaryotes such as fungi, protozoa, algae, and nematodes are found in all sorts of natural environments (Robertson and Egger, 2008). In particular microorganisms are quite abundant in soil environments and are an important part of the soil microbial community (Prescott et al., 2005). However only a fraction of these microbes that make up soil ...

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Rheumatic Heart Disease Rhd Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

6 Pages (2,177 Words)

Rheumatic heart disease remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. While the incidence and prevalence of ARF and RHD have been decreasing in developed countries since the early twentieth century, they continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality among young people in developing nations. It is estimated that there are more than 15 million cases of RHD worldwide, with 282,000 ...

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Bioremediation of radioactive waste from the sea using Deinococcus Radiodurans

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

4 Pages (1,511 Words)

Abstract: Thousands of waste sites around the world contain non-degradable radioactive material. A lot of danger and expense of cleaning up such wastes by physicochemical methods and hence the other methods are being pursued for cleanup of those sites. One effective method is to engineer radiation-resistance microbes that degrade or transform such wastes into less hazardous compounds. Deinococcus radiodurans, the most radiation-resistance organism ever known and endure ...

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Determining Osmotic Potential Using Density Gradient Technique Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

5 Pages (1,652 Words)

A cell, when exposed to an environment where the external water potential is less negative than the internal water potential, will loose water by osmosis down a concentration gradient. Conversely, when exposed to an environment where the internal water potential is less negative than the external water potential the cell will take in water from the surrounding solution. In the case of the former this has the ...

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Comparing Finance Motivation With Non-finance Motivation

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

3 Pages (1,103 Words)

Motivation is willing to exert high level of toward organizational goals, condition the capability to meet some people need. (Hall. et al., 2008: 374) According to some business analysis, employee motivation is a good method to improve the productivity of organization. While people get motivation, they will have a reason to put more energy on what they are doing. (Echeat, 2005) Consequently motivation is an important management ...

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temperature on the activity of liver

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

8 Pages (3,184 Words)

Introduction: Catalase is a common enzyme found in living and it acts as a protective mechanism for delicate biochemical machinery of cells. The enzyme catalyzes the exothermic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 Hydrogen Peroxide is a by product produced by many living organisms during the process of metabolism. Hydrogen Peroxide is a very toxic substance ...

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Observing The Different Stages Of Mitosis Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,334 Words)

The aim of this experiment is to observe the different stages of the garlic tissues during mitosis which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase in living tissue. Students are also required to consider the duration of the stages of mitosis in relation to the whole cell cycle. Other objectives are to calculate the percentage of cells in the area visible under the microscopes for each stages of ...

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Structure And Function Of Intestine Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

16 Pages (6,096 Words)

The sensory signals that initiate vomiting originate mainly from the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and upper portions of the small intestines. And the nerve impulses are transmitted, as shown in Figure 66-2, by both vagal and sympathetic afferent nerve fibers to multiple distributed nuclei in the brain stem that all together are called the "vomiting center." From here, motor impulses that cause the actual vomiting are transmitted from ...

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Advantages And Limitations Of Rectal Dosage Forms Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

11 Pages (4,366 Words)

The most common and usually most convenient route for administering conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms is orally, where the drug dissolves in the gastric and/or intestinal fluids and is absorbed to reach the site of action. Dissolution and absorption of the drug from the gastro-intestinal environment depends upon many factors e.g. the physico-chemical properties of the drug, enzymes, metabolism, pH of the fluids etc. and these are considered ...

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Chromatography Separation Of A Dye Mixture Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,431 Words)

Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to exhibit the different techniques of chromatography to analyze the composition of complex mixtures. This lab uses Thin Layer Chromatography and Column Chromatography to separate the components of a mixture, which is a (1:1) solution of 0.2% fluorescein dye and 0.2% methylene blue in 95% ethanol. Both methods are based on the differential distribution of the parts of a mixture ...

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Bioaccumulation Of Heavy Metals In Soil And Vegetables Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

9 Pages (3,554 Words)

The present study was carried out to assess heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) levels in vegetables like Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrot (Daucus carota), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Radish (Raphanus sativus) irrigated with domestic wastewater. The vegetable samples were randomly collected from the farmlands irrigated with domestic wastewater around the ...

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The effect of concentration of sugar on osmotic activity

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

13 Pages (4,814 Words)

Scientific Theory: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules through a semi- permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until a state of equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is reached once enough water has moved to balance the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. Semi-permeable membranes let small molecules such as water and oxygen to travel through ...

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Measuring The Concentrations Of Vitamin C Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,441 Words)

Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is synthesized by plant tissues, as well as mammals except guinea pig and primates (including man). Experiment by Lind in 1753 were the first to show the powers of vitamins when he examined that the killer disease scurvy could be prevented or rapidly cured by feeding patients fresh citrus fruits. Many foods in this world contain vitamin C. Ascorbic acid ...

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Structural Features Of Membrane Proteins Biology Essay

Published Date: 23 Mar 2015

7 Pages (2,493 Words)

Membrane proteins are protein molecules that have any kind of association with the membrane of a cell or organelle, and are normally split into two different groups: integral and peripheral membrane proteins. As stated by Earnshaw & Pollard (2002), integral proteins pass through the membrane, whilst peripheral proteins only relate to either the inside or outside surfaces of the lipid bilayer. Membrane proteins have a number of ...

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