The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

6 (2,229 )

The nature of subsonic airflow over aerodynamic sections and over the aircraft at large must be considered, including the forces that result from such airflow and the effect these forces have on the aircraft, during steady flight and during manoeuvres. Although there are various kinds of pressure, pilots are mainly concerned with atmospheric pressure. It is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift ...

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Theory Mild Steel Material

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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Mild steel or so-called carbon steel was the most common types of steel being used nowadays in almost all forms of industrial applications and industrial manufacturing. Basically, it refers to a group of low carbon steel with relatively low tensile strength, malleable and cheap which consist the maximum composition of Carbon between 0.15% to 0.3%. Furthermore its surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. Apart from the cheapest types ...

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Two Stroke And Four Stroke Engine

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

4 (1,475 )

To understand the differences between a two stroke and four stroke engines, we need to know how the four stroke engine works. In four stroke engine there are four stages: Intake: The piston travels down the cylinder while the intake valve is opened to allow a mixture of fuel and air to enter the combustion chamber. Compression: The intake valve is closed and the piston travels back ...

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The Japan Airlines 123 Flights

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

9 (3,554 )

This report documents the chain of events before, during and after the Japan Airlines 123 Flight, registered under JA8119. It evaluates the cause and effects of the factors before the fateful flight, and connects with the factors during the flight and after the flight, not forgetting, it also offers possible recommendations to improve the safety of the aviation industry. The main cause of the flight's death, was ...

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The Importance Of Effective Maintenance

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

8 (3,154 )

Since the maintenance has significant impacts in industry, it has received a deep attention from the expert and practical maintenance. According to study, maintenance costs can represent from 15% to 40% of the costs of goods produced [x2]. Maintenance of process equipment is one of the inescapable tasks associated with the operation of industrial plants and until relatively recently, it was implemented either on a routine basis ...

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The Liquid Ring Pump

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

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The performance of a two-stage liquid ring pump with water as the sealant liquid was investigated under stand-alone conditions. The parameters varied in this experiment were the cooling water flowrate and inlet air volumetric flowrate which affects the sealant water temperature and pumping speed respectively. Pressure and temperature readings were taken to calculate the compression work and efficiency across the liquid ring pump. It was found that ...

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Low Pressure Mercury Vapour Electronic Discharge

23 Mar 2015 02 May 2017

6 (2,328 )

A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a low-pressure mercury-vapour electronic discharge (fluorescent) lamp. The lamp is constructed from a hollow glass tube with an aluminium cap at each end. Within the tube are two electrode coils, one at either end. The inner surface of the glass tube is coated in phosphor, and the tube, containing a small amount of ...

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Major Causes Of Voltage Instability

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

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I. INTRODUCTION Power system stability is defined as the characteristics of a power system to remain in a state of Equilibrium at normal operating conditions and to restore an acceptable state of equilibrium after a disturbance. The power systems are heavily stressed due to the increased loading and this leads to voltage stability problem. Voltage Stability can also be called as the "load stability". A power system ...

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Meaning Of Engineering Disaster

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

4 (1,571 )

The duty of the engineer is to react to people need by building or creating something along an appropriate set of guidelines. Importantly, that device, plan or creation should perform its function without any failure. Everything, nonetheless, must eventually fail to perform its given function with a sought after level of performance. Hence, the engineer must struggle to design in such a way as to avoid failure ...

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Slack Bus And Slack Generator

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

12 (4,737 )

The Table below shows input data of each busbar in the system used to solve the power flow and the simulation result according to instruction described in question 1. BUS Input Data [Simulation Result] BUS 1 pu P (load) 100 MW Q (load) 0 Mvar BUS 2 P (load) 200 MW Q (load) 100 Mvar CB of Generation Open BUS 3 1 pu P (Gen) 200 MW ...

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Heat Transfer Within A Jacketed Reactor System

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

4 (1,534 )

Modeling of heat transfer within a jacketed reactor requires basic knowledge on process heat transfer; reactor design etc. literature review sum up the fundamental on energy balance, method of overall heat transfer coefficient determination and basic understanding of crystallization. These are the basic methods which allow engineers to predict more accurate capabilities during chemical process as well as timing on the process. Introduction Heat transfer is important ...

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The bioprocess of yogurt

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

8 (3,078 )

Abstract This report discusses the bioprocess of manufacturing yoghurt on an industrial scale. On a industrial scale the procedure for yoghurt production follows: preparation and standardization of milk, Pasteurization, homogenization, Cooling to incubation temperature for inoculation with starter culture, fermentation, post-fermentation treatment i.e. adding additive such as flavouring, fruit addition, refrigeration and packaging. In examining each step and identifying limitation, improvements in the general procedure have been ...

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The design of the mortar bomb

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

8 (2,801 )

It is important to do studies on existing information regarding the design of the mortar bomb. This will help in giving a critical review about the subject in this study which is the ammunition for 81mm mortar. This chapter will discuss about the parts of the mortar bomb, types of 81mm mortar ammunition, ballistic of mortar, fragmentation of the bomb, aerodynamic forces and moment acting, bomb stability ...

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Practical Applications Of Transformer

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

12 (4,640 )

Abstract- Generating power is possible in few stations. The power is generated then has to transmit to the various parts of the country. Large power should be transmitted on very high voltage to reduce the amount of copper material and increase the transmission efficiency. Hence the energy generated is transformed twice, thrice, or even four times before utilized. Such transformation of ac from one voltage to another ...

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Assignment On Aircraft Power Systems

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

5 (1,844 )

In this assignment, I intend to provide a brief presentation about the principle of operation of the aircraft electrical power systems, specifically, Integrated Drive Generators (IDG) in a modern aircraft. I will compare and contrast the fluid and electrical methods of power generation and give a brief on the safety precautions to be followed when handling aircraft electrical power supplies and during a functional test. There are ...

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The Smart Metal Detector

23 Mar 2015 01 May 2017

8 (2,847 )

This project is the combination of hardware and software product. With the aid of the micro-controller, this metal detector can have more useful function. This system consists of 3 main parts of hardware: The construction of smart metal detector required the gathering of information/ knowledge/ concepts of obstacle sensor, LCD Display, H-Bridge DC motor driver, PIC micro-controller, metal detector technology and so on. Besides that, some knowledge ...

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Why are walls important?

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

6 (2,095 )

Why are walls important? Walls are very important parts of buildings, they have several useful functions: * Protect us from dangerous animals and people * Provide shelter from elements such as wind and rain * Makes a ‘secure' home * Bears the loads of the roofs, floors and furniture Block work Standard blocks are 6 times larger than standard bricks, this means that bricklayers can build the ...

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Bridge expansion joints – performance and materials

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

15 (5,801 )

1.1 Introduction Expansion joints are used in bridges to allow movements like expansion and contraction between the bridge deck spans and abutments. These movements are caused due to temperature, soil settlements, vehicle acceleration and other reasons (Klaiber, et al., 1987 and Dagher, et al., 1993 as cited in Thippeswamy, 2002). Expansion joints are subjected to severe loading due to the direct impact of the wheels. They are ...

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Responsibilities of the construction team

23 Mar 2015 28 Apr 2017

11 (4,083 )

Clearly Describe The Roles And Responsibilities Of The Construction Team On Site For Health And Safety And How They Are Made Responsible? Employer The Employer's roles and responsibilities on a health and safety aspect side are vast and detailed and are required by law in order to comply with government regulations and legislation. One of the main duties of the employer is to ensure a safe environment ...

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Cheap Alternative Polymeric Materials To Abs

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

7 (2,780 )

In recent years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become a widely used technology in rapid prototyping process. Typically polymer materials used are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymer is fed into equipment as a 1.6mm diameter, which is heated and extruded onto a building platform. The ABS filament sold by the equipment suppliers is very expensive at aroundï¿¡270 per kg [1]. Also, during the ...

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Customer Requirements And Product Characteristics

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

20 (7,703 )

One of the main roles of any manufacturing plant is to produce product that caters to the demands of the market, and the best way to understand the market needs is to distinguish what is important to the customer/consumer. This understanding of the customer gives the manufacturer a competitive edge, as he knows more or less what the needs of the customer is, when he sells his ...

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Light Vehicle Driveline System Faults

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

5 (1,652 )

The contents of a driveline system are clutch, transmission, shaft and wheel. It is an important part of a vehicle. Identifying and confirming the work requirement: the nature and objectives of the analysis and evaluation requirements are determined by the work instructions and reports used. Correct functioning of light vehicle driveline is accessed and interpreted. Throughout the work, equipments and social isolation requirements and personal protection needs ...

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Solar Water Heating Systems

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

9 (3,462 )

Solar energy is the source of energy which is now in use all over the world. Different companies and researchers are introducing new ways and method to use the solar energy. The consumption of petrol and natural resources are not only harmful to the environment but they effect the economic situations as well so it is necessary for every country and for every body to have alternative ...

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Airbus A380 And Boeing 747

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

10 (3,797 )

Airbus A380 and Boeing 747 are the new generation of aircraft for long haul and bulk passenger flights. The Airbus A380 holds 525 passengers whereas the Boeing 747 holds up to 452 passengers The feat of flying is a giant leap forward as well as flying with a huge passenger load. The project is to produce a conceptual design of a large civil aircraft using advanced computerised ...

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Gravitational force: An overview

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

4 (1,393 )

1.0 Introduction 1.1 What is gravitational force? Gravitational force is defined as a force of attraction which exerts between two objects with mass. It pulls two objects that have mass. (Gravitation and Gravity n.d.). 1.2 Background Information 1.2.1 The discovery of gravitational force One day, Newton was sitting on his garden and observing the falling of an apple from a tree. A sudden inspiration appeared in his ...

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Concrete Stitches In Segmental Prestressed Concrete Bridges

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

9 (3,201 )

The in-situ concrete stitches of a segmental prestressed concrete bridge are locations of potential weakness for the entire bridge deck but relatively little work has been carried out in this area. In the current practice, these in-situ stitches are usually designed to be capable of sustaining considerable sagging moment but only minimal hogging moment. Therefore, failure of these joints is possible under exceptional circumstances when the hogging ...

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Conflict Resolution In Civil Engineering Construction Industry

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

6 (2,152 )

Introduction Conflict exists in society generally, includes in family, work and so on. It is important and necessary to resolve all kinds of conflicts efficiently and successfully. Inevitably, conflict is also a reality in the civil engineering construction industry. It influences the operation of projects, increases the cost of projects, wastes various resources, delays the duration of engineering, decreases staff motivation. Conflict has become a serious problem ...

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Main advantages of unstructured methods

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

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Unstructured method This method makes use of a rational compilation of elements to load up the domain, because the engagements of elements have no visible pattern, the mesh is called unstructured. This type of grids in general makes use of triangles in 2D and tetrahedral in 3D. With structured method, the elements are capable of twisted and stretched to well the domain. This method has the skill ...

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Analysis Of The Wheatstone Bridge

23 Mar 2015 27 Apr 2017

7 (2,427 )

This Term Paper is about topic "Wheatstone Bridge". A Wheatstone bridge is a device which is used to find the unknown resisitance. It is an instrument or a circuit consisting of four resistors or their equivalent in series which is used to determine the value of an unknown resistance when the other three resistances are known. If talk in some little detail then wheatstone bridge contains the ...

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Analysing Helicopter Landing Gear

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

6 (2,164 )

The Landing gear, an important part of a helicopter, assists the helicopter to land. So, when the helicopter is in land condition, the landing gear should withstand the whole weight of the helicopter. Apart from this, it should also withstand the thrust while landing operation is on. The landing gear of a helicopter can be of three types: Skid type Wheel type The skid type landing gear ...

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Hydrogen Peroxide As Additive For Diesel Fuel

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

9 (3,285 )

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION HEAT ENGINES A heat engine is a machine whose function is to produce mechanical energy and it does so by using heat energy that is released when combustion of fuel takes place. It is classified in two main types on the basis "where the combustion takes place". 1. External combustion engines also called the E.C engines: Here, as name suggests, heat energy from fuel ...

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Construction And Application Of Linear Accelerators

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

6 (2,291 )

A linear accelerator particle is a type of particle which accelerator greatly increases the velocity of charged subatomic particles or ions by subjecting the charged particles to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beam line; this method of particle acceleration was invented in 1928 by Rolf Wideroe. Linear accelerators have many applications, from the generation of X-rays for medical purposes, to being an injector ...

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Basic Structures Of Ferrous Metals

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

26 (10,046 )

Ferrous metals is mainly based on iron-carbon alloy with the combination of other alloys such as plain carbon steels, alloy, tools steels, stainless steels and cast iron. Alloys having iron with a valance of +2 are known as ferrous; those alloys which have iron with a valence of +3 are called as ferric. Ferrous metals or alloys are metals that contain the element iron in it. Depending ...

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The Manual Transmission System

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

8 (3,129 )

In this report, I am going to compare and contrast the difference between Toyota 5 speed manual gearbox transmission and Toyota 5 speed automatic transmission system. 2. History of the transmission In 1894 Louis-Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor invented the modern transmission. Today we still use the same concept since it was introduced. The concept is still the same that the crankshaft connects from the engine to ...

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Spot Welding Involves Three Stages

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

10 (3,965 )

Spot welding is a process in which contacting metal surface are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current flow. Work-pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrode. Typically the sheet are in the 0.5 to 3 mm thickness range. The process uses two shapes copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a small ¿½spot¿½ and to simultaneously clamp the sheet together. Forcing ...

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Milling machines: An introduction

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

13 (5,033 )

Chapter I 1.1 Introduction The ability of any nation to manufacture is essential but to deploy that ability in a certain nation is the trick as every nation defers from one another, so in order to enhance Arab nation ability to manufacture we will provide a better cheaper design for a CNC milling machine. The Primary Objective of This Project is to present and develop a ...

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Air pollution control residues

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

25 (9,723 )

INTRODUCTION Description of Overall Problem Air Pollution Control (APC) residues are the solid output of the flue gas treatment equipment installed on incinerators (this report refers specifically to APC Residues from incinerators handling Municipal Solid Waste - MSW). They comprise the fly ash from incineration (middle and fine grades) together with the reagents (mainly lime and activated carbon) used in the flue gas treatment. Thus, they contain: ...

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Application Of Supercharging To Si Engines

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

5 (1,661 )

Enhancements in fuel consumption can be achieved through engine downsizing. However, it is essential to provide a corresponding increase in power in order to improve or maintain vehicle performance. This increase can be obtained through supercharging or turbocharging. Supercharging has the most visual impact of any high performance modification. Supercharging or turbocharging may help achieve engine downsizing that reduces relative value of losses at lower engines loads ...

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Aspects Of A Vehicle Clutch System

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

4 (1,550 )

P1 & P2: Demonstrate the knowledge & understanding of the fundamental aspects of a vehicle clutch system. A clutch connects & disconnects one rotating mechanical component from another: a clutch transmits torque from the engine to transmission. Most light vehicle use a single plate clutch to transmit torque from the engine to the transmission input shaft, the fly wheel is the clutch driving member. The clutch unit ...

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Alternative Materials For Aircraft Wings

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

10 (3,683 )

For this report I have chosen to research and find an alternative material for aircraft wings, currently the material being on aircraft wings is aluminium alloy series 2000, specifically 2024 as this alloy consists of about 4.5% copper, 1.5% magnesium, 0.6% manganese with traces of other specific elements permitted, and the remainder aluminium. [1] The alternative material must be capable of achieving all the characteristics of aluminium alloy 2024, ...

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The Manufacturing Of DNA Vaccines

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

12 (4,402 )

A detailed design and layout of the facility for the manufacturing of DNA vaccines was developed. The factors foremost in the design and layout of the DNA vaccines facility were compliance to current good manufacturing practices (cGMP), regulatory guidelines, health, safety and environment, effective production, optimum material and personnel flow, effective cleanliness, minimisation of contamination and enhance maintenance. The total site area is 108m X 91m (9828m2) ...

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Flow Through A Venturi Meter

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

4 (1,217 )

Given a Venturi Meter, Cv , the Venturi coefficient can be determined to compare the actual and ideal values as per Bernoullis predictions, for a volume flow rate. For better comparisons, two separate trials were analyzed and Venturi coefficients for both were computed. Trial 1 and Trial 2 yielded a Cv of 0.93 and 0.92 respectively. In this experiment the values calculated were found to be less ...

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Waste allowance of muna building

23 Mar 2015 25 Apr 2017

7 (2,777 )

Introduction Waste is any substance or object(s) the holder discards or intends to discard. Any material which is perceived to have no further use is waste.Waste becomes more a product because of the cost and location of aggregates and other new materials and also because of the cost of disposal. These two factors drive the definition of waste. If you have easy availability of landfill and ...

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Applications And Use Of Complex Numbers

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

5 (1,815 )

A complex number is that number which comprises a real and an imaginary part. It is mainly written in the form a + bi, where "a" is real numbers, and "i" is the imaginary unit with "b" as also the real part of the imaginary portion with the property i2 = −1. The complex number contains the real number, but extends them by adding it to the ...

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Carbon Fibre Composite

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (3,055 )

Strength of Laminated Fibrous Composites Lab Summary This report compares the results of theoretical calculations undertaken to predict the tensile strength of carbon fibre reinforced composites against experimental results. Two main methods for the calculation of tensile strength are used; the rule of mixtures and the ten percent rule. These standard theories appear to be valid for the majority of cases although inconsistencies are observed for the ...

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Design of Oil Storage Tanks

03 Oct 2016 24 Apr 2017

7 (2,545 )

Oil Storage Tanks 1-Introduction Storage tanks containing organic liquids, non organic liquids, vapours and gases are used in many industries. Most such tanks are designed and built in accordance with American Petroleum Institute API-650 specifications (1). These tanks can range in size from 2m to 60m diameter or more and are usually situated in containment basins so that spills will be contained if the tank ruptures. Storage ...

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Smart Systems And Smart Materials

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (3,189 )

Science and technology has made amazing developments in the design of electronics and machinery by using standard materials, which did not have particularly special properties (i.e. steel, aluminum, gold etc). Imagine the range of possibilities, which exist for special type of materials that have properties scientists can manipulate. Some such materials has the ability to change shape or size or simply by adding a little bit of ...

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Premature Failure Of Road Network

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

13 (4,821 )

Bahria town ltd started its development works in 1996 as a joint partner with Bahria foundation initially British Columbia were the consultants on the project. The extraordinary progress rate and high quality consultancy work of British Columbia (pvt) ltd was thought to be a big hurdle in the progress rate, eventually the agreement with the consultants terminated and Bahria Town (pvt) Ltd formed its own consultant wing. ...

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the use of assembler directives in microprocessor

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

7 (2,499 )

Abstract This term paper includes the use of assembler directives in microprocessor and the various assembler directives used in Intel microprocessor 8086, its format with various examples. I) Definition An assembler directive is a message to the assembler that tells the assembler something it needs to know in order to carry out the assembly process; for example, an assemble directive tell the assembler where a program is ...

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Three Pinned Portal Frame

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

20 (7,942 )

This report found that plot 400 has many dead loads, live / imposed loads and wind loads in action on the buildings portal frame. The building has a simple 3 pinned portal frame / arch structure which have been designed to resist all loads that are applicable. The building also has structural actions and different modes of collapse which act upon the supporting columns, rafter beams and ...

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Application And Use Of Complex Numbers

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

8 (2,908 )

HISTORY OF COMPLEX NUMBERS:- Complex numbers were first conceived and defined by the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, who called them "fictitious", during his attempts to find solutions to cubic equations. This ultimately led to the fundamental theorem of algebra, which shows that with complex numbers, a solution exists to every polynomial equation of degree one or higher. Complex numbers thus form an algebraically closed field, where any ...

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Ship Machinery And Equipment Maintenance

23 Mar 2015 24 Apr 2017

5 (1,606 )

Ship machinery maintenance is of predominant importance for accurate operation of each ship. For this purpose, the ship's machinery plant should be kept well maintained and clean at all times for assuring safe and smooth operation and functionality of the ship. Furthermore, it is most significant that ample new spare parts and equipments are carried on board in order to correctly accomplish maintenance in due time under ...

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Mechanisms Of Granule Formation: Pharmaceutical Industry

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

4 (1,306 )

For the production of solid oral dosage forms most fine pharmaceutical compounds require granulation to improve their flowability and processing properties prior to tabletting.   http://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2008/096.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/6601180/Tablet-Granulation Tablets are the most common drug dosage form today, and thus granulation, which allows primary powder particles to adhere and form granules, is one of the most important unit operations in drug manufacturing. Understanding granulation grows more complex each year. ...

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Water and power consumption: Analysis of sewage treatment plant

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

22 (8,532 )

1. INTRODUCTION: Water's unique Characteristics and its essential Role for all life have inspired myths and influenced cultures, religions, art, and literature through all times. The process involved for the RBC Biological Treatment method is named as FIXED FILM ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR BIOWHEELS. In this process by means of rotation of the bio wheels micro - organisms are expected to growth in the RBC and the overflow ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fiber Optics

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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This paper looks at fiber optics as a technology that has been developing and improving the way the world communicates for more than two centuries. It examines its origins from 1790, when a French engineer Claude Chappe invented a system for sending messages using a series of semaphores mounted on top of two towers. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optics and describes some ...

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The Electromagnetic Testing: The Eddy Current Testing

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

7 (2,603 )

In modern NDT methods electromagnetic testing plays an important role. Electromagnetism is a part of ndt process. It is a process based on inducing magnetic field. The process of inducing an electric current and magnetic field or both inside a test material. Then observe the magnetic flux induced in the material. This method is based on the electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is the property of a material to get ...

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Microprocessor based robotics arm

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

6 (2,325 )

Abstract Robotic arm has become popular in the world of robotics. The essential part of the robotic arm is a programmable microprocessor. The microprocessor based brick capable of driving basically three stepper motors design to form an anthropomorphic structure. The first design was for experimental use on a human-size industrial robot arm called PUMA 560 which stands for Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly. This human size robot ...

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History and overview: Catalytic converter

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

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A catalytic converter (colloquially, "cat" or "catcon") is a device used to decrease the toxicity of emissions from an internal combustion engine. A catalytic converter works by using a catalyst to stimulate a chemical reaction in which toxic by-products of combustion are converted to less-toxic substances.First widely introduced on series-production automobiles in the U.S. market for the 1975 model year to comply with tightening EPA regulations on ...

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Tribological Audit Of Rolling Element Bearings

23 Mar 2015 21 Apr 2017

13 (4,955 )

1. INTRODUCTION: In the current scenario, conservation of material and energy is very much important. As the principal cause of material wastage is wear, any reduction in wear leads to savings. Friction is the main cause of wear which leads to energy dissipation and damage to equipments. [1] Friction occurs when one surface drags upon another surface. The magnitude of frictional force depends upon the interaction of ...

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Active Suspension Types Of Active Suspension

23 Mar 2015 20 Apr 2017

6 (2,030 )

There are two main groups of active suspensions, the ones altering the suspension settings and the ones regarding the anti-roll systems. The altering suspension setting types are the self-levelling and the height adjustable suspensions. These types of suspension systems aim to maintain the vehicle as flat as possible. The self levelling suspension aims to counteract the difference in axle load between the front and the rear of ...

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Samsung electronics - success by design

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

11 (4,052 )

INTRODUCTION: A Technology-driven company like Samsung Electronics uses product design as a tool to improve their products characteristics helping them to achieve a competitive edge within the market. For many of the world leading companies design plays a fundamental role in their success, for them to have a good design will make their products better, quicker and cheaper. If a company can achieve this, they can keep ...

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Methods Of Evaluation Of Vehicle Aerodynamics

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

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Part a) Different methods of evaluation of vehicle aerodynamics: In recent years aerodynamics of vehicle has gained a lots of attention because of the major use of negative lift (down force) principle which improves the performance of vehicles. Thus evaluating vehicle aerodynamics has become an important part of car engineering and it is no longer only limited to vehicle's initial designing. Several method and tools are used ...

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Geometrical Optics And Its Applications

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

12 (4,782 )

Optics is the cornerstone of photonics systems and applications. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is to study the geometry of paths of lights and their imagery through optical systems. Light will be treated as a form of energy which travels in straight lines called rays. When light comes to be regarded as waves, it will be seen that shadows cast by objects are not as sharp as ...

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Hazards Of Sulphuric Acid And Caustic Soda

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

9 (3,411 )

A factory will be extended and it will consist of sulphuric acid and caustic soda and these two substances are hazardous substances which will be stored with propane which is a flammable substance and storage of these chemicals can pose various hazards to people and properties both on site and off site but theses hazards can be prevented or reduced as low as reasonably practical. Ai Sulphuric ...

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Accidents Have Caused Major Explosion

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

24 (9,280 )

In the past few years there had been a steady increment in the usage of the risk assessment in the offshore production facilities. This is especially after the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988 and many other major accidents that killed many lives. Operators are showing an increasing awareness by reviewing the safety of their existing topside production facilities. The Piper Alpha accident provided adverse confirmation that the ...

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Engine Cooling And Lubrication System

23 Mar 2015 18 Apr 2017

14 (5,475 )

Cooling System: Despite the vast improvement in the basic internal combustion engines, around 70% of the energy from the gasoline is converted to heat. As it is not dissipated to the atmosphere on its own, a cooling system is employed for this purpose. Several purposes of the cooling system which it serves by cooling the engine include cooling the engine to keep it from overheating by transferring ...

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The Tailless Aircraft

23 Mar 2015 17 Apr 2017

17 (6,409 )

This report on tailless aircraft presents the pros and cons of using such an aircraft design for commercial purposes. The report comprises 4 sections discussing the aerodynamics, structural innovations, engines and overall advantages and disadvantages of tailless aircraft. The aerodynamic study of a tailless aircraft highlights the importance of the wave drag and span loading distribution and different designs that can improve the aerodynamic performance effectively. In ...

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A Solar Cell (The Photovoltaic Cell) - Essay

23 Mar 2015 13 Apr 2017

13 (5,185 )

A solar cell or the photovoltaic cell is an electrical device that converts light energy directly into electricity. This cell when exposed to light can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source. The solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to produce electricity.thw word "Photovoltaic" comes from the Greek word meaning "light", and from the word "Volt", which is the the ...

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Potential Applications Of Nanotechnology In Maritime Environment

23 Mar 2015 13 Apr 2017

13 (4,902 )

Nanotechnology is poised to revolutionize the fields of materials science, physics, mechanical engineering, bioengineering, chemical engineering and most of the other fields of technology. It is thus imperative that this technology will have many potential applications in the maritime environment. The very fact that any ship is a self sustained entity in respect of all walks of life makes it prudent that no part of the ship ...

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The Brake System Of Moving Machines And Vehicles

23 Mar 2015 13 Apr 2017

11 (4,312 )

Brakes are one of the compulsory components in a moving machine. Any moving machine or vehicle needs a brake to decelerate and stop. As we want the car to go fast, we would also want the car to stop quickly and safely. Not just for a safety, the vehicle equipped with a good and consistent brake will also increase the driving pleasure. In this paper we will ...

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Discuss The Contention That Conflict And Dispute Are Inevitable

23 Mar 2015 13 Apr 2017

7 (2,497 )

INTRODUCTION Conflicts as well as Dispute are for sure inevitable in most of the commercial projects whether big or small. To be precise, Conflict and Dispute is always there, not only in commercial projects but are a part of our daily life. There is always a conflict going on; on as big as on an international level like ongoing dispute between Israel and Palestine to small issues ...

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Constructing a solar power plant - Essay

23 Mar 2015 13 Apr 2017

6 (2,225 )

This is a report on the Andasol 1 Solar Power Plant located in Marquesado Del Zenete, Granada, Spain. The aim of this report is look at the technology involved; the construction of the plant; the operating capacity and environmental impacts on the area involved. The information contained in this report was primarily gathered from the internet and also Moodle notes from class lectures. To begin this report, ...

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Innovation in Engineering Technology

03 Oct 2016 10 Mar 2017

5 (1,649 )

Innovation in Engineering Technology India is known in the world for its manpower in the field of scientists and researchers. UNESCO in 2003 emphasized that “Education in a globalised society should ensure equality of access and request cult al diversity as well as national sovereignty. Globalization and internet has given a new face to our education system. The need of the millennium is to produce trained, ...

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Calorimeter Process

24 Feb 2017

6 (2,242 )

Keywords: calorimeter process, system operation, nozzle performance 1. Introduction The report as a study for nozzle operated under pressure difference from 0.1 to 10 bars. Under this specification the report discuss the next point. The factor affecting on the nozzle efficiency Application in natural gas Effect of nozzle efficiency on the quality of combustion and how the quality of combustion could be enhanced 1.1. Definition ...

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Applications of DC series motors

23 Feb 2017

3 (1,048 )

Keywords: electric, motor, dc INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ELECTRIC MOTOR? An electric motor is a device using electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. The reverse process, that of using mechanical energy to produce electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on vehicles often perform both tasks. In principle, all electric motors ...

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Methods of Refrigeration: Literature Review

03 Oct 2016 25 Jan 2017

7 (2,594 )

REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction In study of applied thermo dynamics all the while we have been observing heat transfer from a system at higher temperature to that at lower temperature. Now in the study of refrigeration we will be observing various methods of cooling the objects and maintaining the temperature of bodies at values lower than surrounding temperature. According to American society of Heating, Refrigeration and ...

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Analog vs digital communication

23 Mar 2015 28 Dec 2016

7 (2,625 )

Keywords: advantages of digital communications, analog and digital communication Table of ContentsIntroductionCommunication System DefinitionAnalog CommunicationDigital CommunicationAdvantages of Digital CommunicationDisadvantages of Digital CommunicationComparison of Analog and Digital Communication1. INTRODUCTION: Analog Communication is a data transmitting technique in a format that utilizes continuous signals to transmit data including voice, image, video, electrons etc. An analog signal is a variable signal continuous in both time and amplitude which is generally ...

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This Experiment Marcet Boiler Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015 28 Dec 2016

3 (897 )

Keywords: Marcet Boiler Experiment, Marcet Boiler Theory In This experiment a Marcet boiler was used to conduct the relationship between a saturated pressure and temperature of water in the range of 0-14 bar indicating in the gauge and also to determine the temperature of a body when being heated or cooled. When the temperature increases pressure also increases in this case the relationship between pressure and temperature ...

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Factors Affecting Human Comfort In Buildings

15 Jun 2016 28 Dec 2016

8 (3,162 )

Keywords: human comfort factors, human comfort in buildings IntroductionThere are many factors that affect human comfort in the internal built environment. Human comfort is affected by thermal factors; physical factors and personal factors. Another factor that can affect human comfort is sound of the environment around them. The final factor that affects the human comfort is the visual of the room and the light intensity. There are ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tablets In Pharmaceutical Industry

23 Mar 2015 28 Dec 2016

14 (5,450 )

Keywords: film coated tablets, effervescent tablets, enteric coated tablets IntroductionTablets are solid dosage forms usually containing active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients in powder, crystalline or granular form with or without diluents which is prepared either by moulding or compression process. They are solid, biconvex or flat in shape and vary in size, shape and weight which is depends on the medicaments which are used for preparation. They ...

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Literature Review of Methods for Earthquake Analysis

03 Oct 2016 19 Oct 2016

8 (2,971 )

CHAPTER 2 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION Earthquakes result from the sudden movement of tectonic plates in the earth's crust. The movement takes place at fault lines, and the energy released is transmitted through the earth in the form of waves that causes ground motion many miles from the epicenter. Regions adjacent to active fault lines are the most prone to experience earthquake. As the ...

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Design and Implementation of Galvanic Skin Resistance

03 Oct 2016 19 Oct 2016

7 (2,481 )

CAREER EPISODE 1 Introduction CE1.1 Chronology : 2007-2011 Name of the organization : Netaji Subhash Engineering College. Geographical location : West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India Project Title : Galvanic skin resistance Position : Undergraduate Student (Bio Medical Engineer) Background CE1.2 This career episode reflects a brief summary of my contribution towards the successful completion of the project which I did in ...

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Power subsystem Microsatellite

23 Mar 2015 09 Jun 2015

25 (9,631 )

This subsystem is responsible for supplying power to the entire satellite, converting solar cell energy to on-board battery energy, and distributing power to various other subsystems. The power subsystem of the microsatellite is designed for a remote sensing mission to carry out on sun-synchronous orbits at 700 km altitude at an inclination of 98.19 degrees. The payload of the microsatellite includes a multispectral remote sensing camera which ...

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Objectives of sustainable development

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,003 )

Introduction The UK construction industry has undergone an unprecedented change in construction technology. Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) have been invented and are increasingly being used. With regard to residential apartment blocks, up to the 1980s greater emphasis was being placed on economy of construction rather than sustainability and lifestyles. Since 1980s, factors such as (i) the speed of construction (ii) sustainability (ii) flexible use of space. ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mechanical Joining Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,017 )

Mechanical joining is the part method to joint components together, which mechanical joining is accomplished have expanded, the number of joints produced continuous to grow and the performance demands and expectations are becoming greater. The joining process can remain the prolific, pervasive, and important of joining process. There has two type of this process such as mechanical fastening and integral mechanical attachment, or simply integral attachment. Mechanical ...

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Effect Of Vibration On Solder Joint Reliability Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

16 (6,101 )

CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION SOLDER JOINT IN ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLIES Circuit boards range from simple single moulded plastic boards with copper conductors on one or both sides to multilayer boards with copper conductors, each layer being separated by a dielectric and interconnected by metal conductors. Minimum line width and spacing between lines is less than 100 µm. The board typically is made from a composite such as an epoxy ...

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Design Of A Pipe Climbing Robot Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

6 (2,398 )

This technical paper explains the design process and simulation of a concept vehicle to drive inside a circular pipe of the desired configuration as shown in figure 1. The design is developed to facilitate; pipe climbing and carry an inspection of an inspection panel. This vehicle when operated will travel in a horizontal section of pipe initially, before entering the inclined part of the circular pipe. It ...

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Electricity Generation And Electrical Power Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,853 )

Introduction Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source that can be produced from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable nor non-renewable. Electricity is ...

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Cooling Load Calculation Procedure Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

11 (4,121 )

The total amount of heat energy that must be removed from a system by a cooling mechanism in a unit time, equal to the rate at which heat is generated by people, machinery, and processes, plus the net flow of heat into the system not associated with the cooling machinery. [1] The sensible and latent heat transfer between the space air and the surroundings can be classified ...

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hybrid Cars Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,777 )

Even by recently introducing hybrid vehicles to the worldwide transportation system, the need to reduce transport - generated CO2 emissions is still a matter of high significance. One promising and at the same time environmentally friendly solution in terms of limiting the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is considered to be the introduction of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this technical report HEVs will be compared to conventional ...

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Using Pneumatic And Hydraulic System Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (2,887 )

Automation is the integration of mechanical, computer electronic based activities the control of manufacturing processes in the field of production. Different techniques of automation are carried using pneumatic, hydraulic system, cam follower computer system. In this project of automation of burr cleaning process, I have selected and implemented the pneumatic technique of automation. For automation, I have designed manufactured air blowing machine, which is operated with the ...

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Losses In Xlpe Insulated Cables Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

29 (11,335 )

Power cables, mainly underground power cables form a bulk part of electrical power systems network. Accordingly, when medium voltage XLPE cables were first installed in the late 1960's, cable manufacturers and electric utilities expected them to perform reliably for 20 to 30 years. However, history has shown that these cables had high percentage of life losses whereby the service life of some of these cables was far ...

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When A Jet Of Water Strikes Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,805 )

When a jet of water strikes on target of various shapes, a force is generated with the consistent of conservation of linear momentum. The objective of this experiment is to find out the validity of theoretical value of impact of jet when hits target with various shape. 1200 cone shape is chosen as target to be observed in this experiment. Initially the balance indicator is reset when ...

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Guidelines For Fod Prevention And Control Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

13 (4,967 )

Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Prevention is an unending challenge for all aerospace operators. There is a need to develop standardized terms, procedures and methods for the prevention and processing of foreign object damage to aircraft and aerospace vehicles. The objective of this document is to make the Bases/Units aware of the need to eliminate foreign object debris and provide information about current proven practices and technological advancements ...

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The Precast Concrete Piles Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

10 (3,691 )

2.1 introduction 2.1.1 Introduction of pile Piles are the very common elements in a foundation. Pile foundation have the function that transfer loads from superstructure through through water or through the weak compressible strata, onto rock, less compressible soils or onto stiffer. This type of foundation need to carry uplift loads when it is used to support tall structures. Not only that, it is also to overturning ...

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Variable compression ratio

23 Mar 2015

10 (3,953 )

CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF ENGINES 1.1 VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO (VCR) ENGINE 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) is a system which is used to adjust the compression ratios of the internal combustion engine. In simple terms, it changes the combustion chamber size of the cylinder according to various different operating conditions such as speed, load, acceleration and torque. Car emissions and ...

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Two Lego Mindstorm Robots Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,143 )

The idea of this project is to design two Lego Mindstorm robots (Discovery and Challenger) which will collaborate with together to perform a range of task. These robots are designed to explore and perform various tasks on lunar surface. This project would be a flow along after the discovery of water molecules on moon by NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite. The idea of Discovery and ...

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Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis Of Race Car Wings Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

10 (3,953 )

This paper is to identify drag and lift coefficient of front and read wings of a race car with different angles of attack. Process simulation and analysis for both the model design was conducted with computer-aided drawing software and analyzed using software COSMOSFloworks to perform a turbulent simulation of the airflow on the front and rear wings of a race car with different angles of attack. Results ...

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History Of Brakes And Principles Of Hydraulics Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

5 (1,938 )

Landing gears are one of the most important parts of the aircraft and play an important role because it can make the aircraft run through runways and lands the aircraft to safety with the aid of the braking system and other systems. The modern brake system has been refined for over 100 years and has become extremely dependable and efficient. The whole draft talks about the hydraulic ...

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Technology Associated With The Manufacturing Process Of Bricks Engineering Essay

23 Mar 2015

8 (3,096 )

A brick has been around for more than 6000 years, and has been in various shape, sizes and were made from many different type of materials, each of them having their own advantage and disadvantage; and formed the basic structure of many civilisations and was used in a wide range of buildings in centuries from building palaces, housing factories, in tunnels construction, water ways, bridges, making it ...

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