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Research Review on Accuracy of Memory

Published Date: 19 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,267 Words)

Meghan Amber-Rose Turnbull Explain and evaluate what research has taught us about why our memories are not always accurate. Memory[p1] is a mechanism whereby the brain stores and retrieves information to be used in everyday life. Psychologists have come to understand the existence of memory, as we do not continuously re-learn information every time it is of need. This is what lead psychologist’s ...

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Corsi Block-tapping Task (CBT) Performance Experiment

Published Date: 19 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,966 Words)

Abstract The Corsi block-tapping task (CBT) is a widely used experimental tool for assessing visuo-spatial memory in both clinical and research contexts. However, whether information other than those spatial and visual (i.e., motor information) play also a role in CBT performance is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated such issue through a crossed double dissociation design by observing how motor, visual, and spatial secondary ...

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Case Study: Goal Orientated Counselling Treatment

Published Date: 19 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,717 Words)

Case Study Scenario #1 Angela Townsend Scenario Mario is an illegal alien from Mexico. He has lived in the U.S. for five years and worked various construction jobs in the South. Mario’s family stayed behind in Mexico so he struggles with loneliness and has a poor social network except for an outreach ministry at a local Catholic Church. Mario was pulled over and charged ...

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Theoretical Approaches to Perception Processes

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,895 Words)

Cognitive psychologists differ in their views on the processes involved in perception. Outline two theoretical approaches to perception and provide empirical support for each. Introduction Explanations of perception seek to explain and better understand the process that facilitates the transformation of sensory information from the environment into the experience of objects, sounds, and movement. One of the most established fields of psychological research, studies in perception ...

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,189 Words)

A literature review in chronological order from past 5 years Introduction The blanket term Psychotherapy covers a multifaceted pluralistic enterprise in which a range of therapies is required to meet a patient’s various needs (Holmes J 2002). The National Service Framework cites cognitive behaviour therapy as being the psychotherapeutic method of choice for conditions that include “depression, eating disorders, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and deliberate ...

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Social Phobia and Perfectionism: Theories, Types and Models

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

23 Pages (9,017 Words)

Contents (Jump to) Abstract Chapter 2 – Epidemiology of Generalized and Specific Social Phobia Chapter 3 - Etiological Hypotheses and Findings Chapter 4 - The Behavioral Models of Social Phobia Abstract Derived from the Greek word for ‘fear’, a phobia represents a ‘fight or flight’ response that is described by the American Psychiatric Association as “… an uncontrollable, irrational and persistent fear of a specific ...

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Effects of Transition on Child Stress

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,569 Words)

Using evidence, write an essay showing how stress is influenced at the levels of the individual, family, locality and society. Chose one intervention at one of the levels and say why you think it could be effective in tackling the problem. This essay looks at how stress is influenced at many levels: individual, family, locality and society, and concentrates on the level of family, to describe ...

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Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychology

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,951 Words)

1.0 Introduction Forensic psychology refers to the professional application of specialized knowledge in psychology to aid in solving legal problems. Since forensic psychology straddles two great fields- study of human behaviors (psychology) and correctional measures that can deter wayward behaviors (law), its guide on ethics should be two-throng. Robert Wettstein agrees: “Given the interdisciplinary work of forensic psychiatry, questions arise about what principles of ethics should ...

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Sleep Disorders in College Students | Annotated Bibliography

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,113 Words)

Cukrowicz, K.C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J.V., Bernet, R.A., Krakow, B., & Joiner, T.J. (2006). The impact of insomnia and sleep disturbances on depression and suicidality. Dreaming, 16(1), 1-10. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sleep disturbances and insomnia on depression and suicidality in a non-treatment seeking sample of college students. Results indicated that insomnia and nightmares were significant predictors of symptoms ...

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Motivated and Enthusiastic Child Psychologist Influences

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,691 Words)

Simranpreet K. Sidhu Introduction Child psychology is considered as a ‘new thing’ in the psychology workforce. And not many universities worldwide have a postgraduate course for child psychology. Definition of child psychologist Psychiatry and psychology are quite clearly like a pair of brothers with similar heritage in the general family life (Blain, 1946). Both pediatric psychology and clinical child psychology deal with children and ...

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Lasting Effects of Childhood Trauma

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

9 Pages (3,294 Words)

Dave Pelzer is the victim of the third-worst child abuse case in the history of California. In his book A Child Called “It”, he says, “I knew I was never meant to be loved. I knew I would never live a life like my brothers. Worst of all, I knew it was only a matter of time until Kevin [his baby brother] would hate me, just ...

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Crisis and Emergency Intervention Treatment Options

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,987 Words)

John C. Hemby Crisis and Emergency Intervention Tragedy in this day and age is commonplace. The same can be said of school violence and shootings in those schools. As a crisis worker, I need to become familiar with this issue and learn on how to help those who survive this ordeal. First, I will need to look at an incident and study it. I ...

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Concepts of Psychoanalytical Theory

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,692 Words)

Human beings have inherited three types personality which are Id, Ego and Superego. The fundamental one is Id where anatomical desires, wants needs are of in need of immediate attention. For example food, water, sex is in need if this is not obtained one can be restless and annoyed. Secondly is Ego, its aim is to fulfill desires of the id with a balance which is ...

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To What Extent Can Psychology Be Considered a Science?

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,860 Words)

Examine to what extent Psychology can be considered a Science Rebecca Harris Introduction The question can: ‘Psychology be considered a Science?’ It is important to understand what a Science is in relation to Psychology. Psychology is deemed as the scientific study of behaviour. Science is ‘a branch of knowledge conducted on objective principles involving the systematised observation of an experiment with phenomena.’ So can ...

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Schema as an Active Recognition Device | Experiment

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,385 Words)

Written report of a cognitive psychology experiment. Schemas are integrated chunks of knowledge stored in memory allowing us to form expectations and make sense of the world. Rumelhart and Norman (1988) described schemas as having variables or slots where schemas vary in the amount of information they contain and overlap to relate together to form systems. For example, a schema for a picnic may be part ...

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Developing Diversity in the Clinical Psychology Profession

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,706 Words)

The profession of clinical psychology is currently predominately predominantly white, female and middle class. What can be done to ensure that we become a more diverse and inclusive profession? Word count:1.256 The question of how the field can be made more – can be made more diverse and inclusive - is one that has been much explored in the clinical psychology community in Britain as well as in other countries. ...

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Theory of Planned Behaviour Experiment Design

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,229 Words)

Project plan and questionnaire design for a practical experiment based on the theory of planned behaviour Introduction This experiment was designed to test the role of attitude in the outcome of a particular behaviour. The particular behaviour to be tested in this experiment was student class attendance. The hypothesis was that the more positive the attitudinal variables were, the more likely the behaviour outcome would be. ...

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Early Occupational Therapy Intervention for Schizophrenia

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

22 Pages (8,558 Words)

The Potential value of Early Occupational Therapy Intervention for Adults with Schizophrenia. Introduction (approx 250 words) In this discussion, we would stress on the importance of occupational therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia and in vocational rehabilitation of schizophrenic adults. The discussions begin with examining the causes and aetiology, prognosis and diagnosis of schizophrenia, the symptoms involved and the general outlook of the treatment. We look at ...

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Psycho-Spiritual: Nature of Imagination and Dreams

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,814 Words)

PSYCHO-SPIRITUAL THERAPY: DREAMS & THE IMAGINATION with dreams and the imagination? Consider the nature of the imagination and dreams, and illustrate with examples from clinical literature. ‘The dream is a little hidden door in the innermost and most secret recesses of the psyche, opening into that cosmic night which was psyche long before there was any ego-consciousness, and which will remain psyche no matter how far ...

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Functional Analysis of Behaviour Clinical and Ethical Issues

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

20 Pages (7,775 Words)

Discuss the clinical and ethical issues involved in conducting a Functional Analysis of behaviour when working with a client with a learning disability. What evidence is there that this is an effective approach? Word count: Contents (Jump to) Introduction A Holistic approach The case for employing the functional analysis of behaviour approach Difficulties with functional analysis Functional analysis in everyday clinical practice Case study using functional analysis Ethical issues ...

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Personal Constructs Theory (PCT) Analysis

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

15 Pages (5,865 Words)

Personal Constructs Theory – A Systematic Study Title/Abstract In this study we aim to provide an analysis of a subject’s problems using the Personal Constructs Theory (PCT) suggested by Kelly. The subject is a 35 year old female full time employee working in the same company as the researcher and has shown no barriers to construing. The subject’s problems with her relationships have been determined using ...

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Anti-Social Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Comparison

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

10 Pages (3,663 Words)

What is the distinction between Anti-Social Personality Disorder and Psychopathy? Is this distinction practically useful? The first step in answering such a question would be to define the terms, it is here that the first problem is encountered. On consulting Rycroft (1977, p.12) it appears that “behaviour disorder is a psychiatric diagnostic term embracing psychopathy...” This definition paraphrases that contained in the fourth edition of the ...

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Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

8 Pages (3,110 Words)

Introduction The origins of The Psychodynamic Perspective can be traced to the early work of Sigmund Freud. Using sub headings this essay will identify the main tenets of Freud’s approach to the understanding of human behaviour: his views on determinism; his use of hypnosis as therapy; his belief that human behaviour is controlled by separate yet interlinked layers of the mind (conscious and unconscious); his views ...

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Anxiety and Depression Among Working and Non-Working Women

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,713 Words)

DISCUSSION Results in the previous chapter had been very informative and will be discussed in context to hypothesis discussed in chapter 4. The present study was carried out to assess the level of anxiety and depression among working and non working women. A sample of 60 women was taken consisting of 30 working and 30 non-working women from Delhi and NCR region. The independent variables used ...

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Analysis of Models for Emotional Health

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,417 Words)

Analyze Emotional Health The Biomedical model is an intangible model of illness that eliminates psychological and social factors and consists of only biologic factors in an effort to comprehend a person's medical disorder or illness. According to Ragin (2011), this model points out that health is the nonexistence of disease and therefore a person in good health will be free of any atypical biological changes in ...

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Applications of Developmental Psychology to Practice

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,403 Words)

Title: Within your chosen topic area, - Health Psychology In Action: Children and the development, (chapter 3 by Tony Cassidy) - discuss the ways in which developmental psychology can inform practice. Psychology is a cumulative scientific study of the mind based on empirically driven theories that link experience, behaviour and the brain. Health psychology, despite being a relatively new branch of applied psychology, is following that ...

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Influences of Colour on Perception

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,740 Words)

Introduction The great mystery of colour has mesmerised humanity since time immemorial. For every second of the day we are enveloped by a seemingly infinite range of hues which oscillate through morning, noon and night. This incessant interaction with colour has manifested itself in some of the finest examples of artistic expression, such as Wordsworth’s ‘Daffodils’ and Van Gough’s ‘Sunflowers.’ From the cave paintings of pre-history ...

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Subjective Well-being Concept: Strengths and Weaknesses

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,854 Words)

Subjective wellbeing: A critical discussion of its strengths and weaknesses Subjective Wellbeing is a new science and has to do with how people see their lives in terms of personal satisfaction (Diener, Suh, and Oishi, 2005, pg. 1). It can be affected by moods, illness, positive and negative emotions, economic status, and many other factors. The concept of Subjective Wellbeing has been around for a long ...

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Stresses for Trainee Counselling Psychologists | Review

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,683 Words)

Title: A critical commentary on the following research paper: Kumary, A & Martyn, B. (2008) Stresses reported by UK trainee counselling psychologists. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, March; 21:19-28 The prospect of entering any postgraduate training program can often be intimidating. Not only due to the academic commitment required, but because of the emotional demands and potential financial stranglehold placed on a student. These issues alone can leave ...

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Theories of Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

12 Pages (4,511 Words)

Discuss how intelligence and emotion are linked and refer to the differing theories that unite these features in order to assess their relevance for adults. Introduction In 1990, Mayer and Salovey wrote, ‘Emotional Intelligence‘[1] (E I) which gave rise to this concept as a medium of individual assessment that accurately describes the attributions for responses to successes and failures in life. In 1995, Daniel Goleman wrote ...

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Boundary Issues in Therapy: Case Study

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,967 Words)

Critically analyse the actions of the therapist from the perspective of the BACP and BABCP codes of practice and from the perspective of boundary issues. The initial assessment of S revealed the presence of depressive symptoms, alcohol and substance use and poor coping skills, characterised by a chaotic household routine and difficulties managing her two children. Although limited information is available regarding the development of S’s ...

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Cognitive Therapy for Mood Disorders: Analysis

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

9 Pages (3,464 Words)

Cognitive therapy is a highly effective treatment for mood disorders. Discuss. As Karasu noted in 1982, there has historically been a polarization of the field of treatment of all psychological conditions; on the one hand, there is a camp which touts psychotherapy as the most effective and superior form of treatment, and on the other, there are those who champion the cause of pharmacotherapy as the ...

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Freud and Klein, Jung, and Rogers Theories Comparison

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

12 Pages (4,764 Words)

Introduction This essay reviews the main beliefs of four psychological thinkers, Freud and Klein, Jung, and Rogers, and one psychological approach, Transpersonal Psychology. In each case I outline the theory, also noting points of agreement and disagreement between them, sometimes drawing on my own experience. Each theory is reviewed under the following headings: Main ideas Work of and with the therapist Similarities and differences with ...

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Theories for Determinants of Emotional States

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,165 Words)

INTRODUCTION An individual fast asleep at night is suddenly awakened by a loud noise coming from somewhere within the house. He immediately becomes physiological agitated: the body begins to sweat, the heart beats faster, and hands begin to tremble. Does he experience fear, or perhaps another emotion such as anger, or even happiness? Schachter and Singer (1962) proposed a two-factor model that specifies the conditions under ...

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Theories of Attachment and Disorders

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,389 Words)

Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Attachment and Separation Disorders of Attachment Conclusion Bibliography Introduction The demand for literature on parenting and child rearing has increased exponentially over the past few decades. Parents, teachings and other professionals are being coming increasingly aware of the importance of the early relationship between mother and infant in determining future success in intimate, social and professional relationships. Over the ...

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Theories of False Memories and Confessions

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

11 Pages (4,150 Words)

Introduction Essentially, the memorization procedure is a compound formula, into which the human mind feeds general knowledge, contextual data—both present and past, and alternate memories (Hyman and Loftus, 2008). It is through the manipulation of such alternatives that criminologists have found that mental frailties and internal collapses allow for coercion and extraction of false memories and confessions. Ultimately, the expansive nature of this field governs the ...

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Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Learning Comparison

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,155 Words)

Compare and contrast two perspectives in psychology and the ways in which they study learning. The two perspectives chosen to be compared in this essay were the behavioural approach to learning and the cognitive approach. The behavioural approach to learning involves the observation of identifiable behavioural characteristics and rejects anything to do with thought processes or consciousness as it regards these features unrecognisable (Miell et al, ...

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Arguments For and Against Personality Predictors

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,700 Words)

Arguments in favour Anyone seeking to measure personality has an abundance of useful psychometric instruments at their disposal, include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (e.g. Archer, 2005), the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (Watkins et al, 1997), the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (Myers & McCauley, 1985; McCrae & Costa, 1989), and the, NEO Personality Inventory (revised) (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and the Thematic ...

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Factors Causing Abusive Behaviour

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

10 Pages (3,807 Words)

Discuss the pathways that lead to a child becoming an abuser Introduction Abuse can take many forms, including physical, sexual, psychological or financial[1]. It can also be verbal and emotional[2]. There are frequently difficulties associated with defining abuse[3], which exists within social, cultural and legal parameters; for example using physical chastisement with children in some cultures is considered to be the norm[4]. In the UK, while ...

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Theories for Causes of Aggressive Behaviour

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,460 Words)

Compare and contrast social and biological accounts of the causes of aggressive behaviour. Aggression is defined as: (a) ‘a quality of anger and determination that makes you ready to attack other people’; (b) ‘violent and attacking behaviour’ (Collins, 2003). Whereas love, friendship and affiliation are positive, adaptive and constructive social influences, aggression is associated with violence, antisocial behaviour and destruction. Examples of aggressive behaviour range from ...

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Effects of Psychological Contract on the Work-Life Balance

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,617 Words)

A contemporary analysis of the concept of work life balance and the effects of the psychological contract within the business Aimed towards Retail Terms of Reference To define, explore and critically analyse the extent to which contracted work in the retail business is affected by psychological contract theory Establish from primary and secondary sources the factors which impact on the work life balance ...

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Treatment Intervention for Paranoid Schizophrenia Case Study

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,222 Words)

Jack Dwight (not his real name), aged 26 was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in October 2004. In August 2004 Jack’s best friend was killed by a group of youths who were terrorising their neighbourhood. Before the diagnosis Jack’s family was concerned about his constant complaints of headache and tummy ache. He suffered from a severe lack of appetite. He lost a lot of weight in a ...

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Happiness and Positive Psychology: Reflective Essay

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

13 Pages (4,892 Words)

Happiness. We all strive for it through material gain, prestige, relationships and often through religious affiliation. Britain as a whole is reported to be less happy today than they were in 1957[1]. Happiness seems to come so easy for some and is a constant struggle as a goal to obtain for others. While some can be happy when they are in a relationship, for example, within ...

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Factors for Successful Behaviour Change Interventions

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

11 Pages (4,382 Words)

Critically assess the key elements that contribute to successful behaviour change interventions. The need for change Everyone wants a long and healthy life although some young people claim that they do not wish to be old. This is because of the negative connotations of old age. It is also a flippant opt-out of taking responsibility. The rationale behind a healthy style of living is unassailable. So ...

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Effect of Exercise on Depression: Literature Review

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,358 Words)

Depression is a disorder which will affect mood, thought and behaviour. Although the majority of the population will at some point in their lives experience low points and the ‘blues,’ depression itself is when these feelings begin to take over and affect the degree to which someone can function (Artal & Sherman, 1998). The symptoms of depression can include a persistent sadness and feelings of emptiness, ...

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Psychological Theories of Death and Dying

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,132 Words)

A Critical Literature Review on Death and Dying. Great distress is suffered at the time of death; however, feelings are quickly withdrawn, and the feelings of numbness and disbelief follow for some time. Many phases of grieving have been documented by researchers. There are passing episodes of separation distress as the bereaved person continues in normal functions routine tasks. Many theories have been put forward to ...

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Mind Map: Counselling Theories and Remote Mentoring

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,778 Words)

A mind-map design rationale According to Tony Buzzan[1], the goal of a Mind Map is to format information in a two dimensional fashion, in an easily retrievable format that is easy to review, allowing for easy association. The Mind Map is a method of reviewing great quantities of information “at a glance[2]”.Mind Maps are used as alternative methods of organising information in a manner that obviate ...

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Is Psychology a Science? Theories and Research Methods

Published Date: 18 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,501 Words)

Is psychology a science? Discuss with reference to scientific method and bias in psychological research. Psychology can be viewed in a variety of ways as accords to the many schools of thought that pertain to psychology. From its origins in philosophy, psychology has undergone a variety of classifications. The major scientific paradigms born from philosophical enquiry were the school of empiricism and the school of rationality. ...

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Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Theories and Treatment

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,813 Words)

Introduction Modern cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) grew out of the merging of behavioural therapy, developed in the 1950s to 1970s, and cognitive therapy developed in the 1960s (Graham, 2004). Broadly, it attempts to deal directly with a client's manifest symptoms through both cognitive and behaviour strategies. Cognitive theories target particular irrational beliefs which are thought to be the source of behavioural and emotional problems. Historically, CBT is ...

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Effects of Homework in Therapy Sessions

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,333 Words)

Activities given to clients to complete in between therapeutic sessions have become a commonly used component of psychological therapies, especially cognitive approaches (Beck et al., 1979). What is sometimes called 'homework' has been used to help address a wide variety of clinical problems including depressive disorders, schizophrenia and social phobia. This essay critically examines the empirical studies on homework and its influence on treatment outcomes. The ...

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Comparison of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Antidepressants

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

9 Pages (3,305 Words)

Brief 101151 INTRODUCTION Depression is one of the more common forms of mental illness. It has been estimated that approximately 9.5% of the population will suffer with depression at any one time (Robins and Regier 1990) and that 17% of people will suffer with depression at some point in their life (Blazer et al 1994). Defining depression is not a straight forward task. This ...

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Effects of Traumatic Experience on Child Behaviour

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,814 Words)

How can a traumatic experience influence children's behaviour? A literature review Introduction The issues surrounding children's behaviour after a traumatic experience are complex, multifactorial and often hugely controversial. Having considered the literature on the subject, one could be forgiven for believing that there are as many opinions on the issues as there are people considering the issues. In this review we have attempted to cover as ...

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Stages of Developing a Psychiatric Treatment Care Plan

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,109 Words)

A patient had been admitted to an A & E unit after committing ‘deliberate self-harm’. He had attempted to commit suicide by overdosing on some headache tablets. When that hadn’t worked he slashed himself in several places using a kitchen knife. He arrived at the A & E unit in an extremely distressed state. Why the psychologist was called in Although the patient clearly had very ...

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Theory and Applications

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,426 Words)

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Assessment Introduction Definition of Cognitive behavioural Therapy The term Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) covers a number of techniques of spoken interactive therapy which are considered useful in helping people solve life problems such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and various addictive problems. (Beck A T 2005) Basic theoretical principles Cognitive behavioural therapy has arisen as a hybrid therapy combining the ...

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Psychological Interventions in Patients with Cancer

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

11 Pages (4,200 Words)

Introduction Patients with cancer may experience comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression, and symptoms including fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Anxiety and depression are both very common and it has been estimated that 16–25% of newly diagnosed cancer patients experience either depression or depressed mood (DSM-IV criteria) (Sellick 1999). Studies in women with breast cancer have shown that up to 30% develop psychological morbidity (either anxiety ...

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Research on Mental States of Non-Human Animals

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,636 Words)

To what extent does research support the claim that non-human animals, particular chimpanzees, have human-like understanding of mental states? In the last three decades, cognitive approaches to the study of animal behaviour have attracted increasing research attention. Much of this interest has concentrated on social cognition and whether animals understand the mental states of others in the same way humans do. In an attempt to address ...

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Nature or Nurture: Case for an Integrated Life-Span Approach

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,926 Words)

There has been a debate raging, sometimes quietly, sometimes not, in regards to why individuals are the way they are. Most now realize that there is a tremendous interaction between the expression of the genes that we are given and the environment that forms the context for growth and development. Consider identical twins, separated at birth, that grow up with no contact yet are remarkably similar ...

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Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (3,117 Words)

An Investigation into the Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players in the UK Introduction Bingo is a popular pastime in the UK, and has grown as an industry over recent years, moving away from local community centres to dedicated bingo halls and numerous online sites. As with all industries, to ensure that there is a continual renewal of customers, those in the bingo industry must ...

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Factors Influencing Accuracy of Interpersonal Perception

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,280 Words)

What factors influence the accuracy of interpersonal perception and the judgments we make about other people? Within the social environment, interpersonal perception is used frequently to make judgments about other people. The accuracy of these can have considerable bearing in a business context, affecting, for example, whether a colleague is considered trustworthy or an individual motivated enough to warrant managerial training. These are clearly important decisions which ...

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Role of Clinical Psychologists in 'Valuing People'

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,362 Words)

What role should clinical psychologists play in implementing the recommendation of “Valuing People”? Clinical psychologists, in general, work in various settings diagnosing, through assessment and treating mental health disorders. In 2001 the ‘Valuing people’ project started as a governmental initiative and strategy with certain performance indicators in order to address the needs of people with learning disabilities by improving the quality of their lives and that ...

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Effects of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | Literature Review

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,108 Words)

What are some of the factors associated with mother's inflicting consistent harm on their children? Munchausen by proxy. A review of the literature. Introduction The literature on Mynchausen's syndrome by proxy is considerable and growing at a rapid rate. Many professionals are sure that the condition exists and there appears to be an equally certain number in the non-professional sector who argue vociferously that such professionals ...

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Theories of Therapeutic Alliance

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

9 Pages (3,544 Words)

QUOTE:- "The therapeutic alliance is a key concept and "quintessential variable" whose importance is commonly accepted. It is seen as a multi-dimensional concept, emerging trends indicate four dimensions, namely: the patient's affective relationship to the therapist; the patient's capacity to purposefully work in therapy; the therapist's empathic understanding and involvement; the client/therapist agreement on the goals and tasks of treatment." B. JUST 1997 Essay The ...

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Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,035 Words)

Examine to what extend biological factors account for an individuals’ personality? The term ‘personality’ is used in general conversation in many ways. When psychologists discuss personality they are concerned primarily with individual differences – the characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. This essay discusses personality in terms of the biological approaches that view characteristics as traits and considers the roles of genetics and environmental influences ...

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Qualitative Study Review: Triggers for Self Abuse

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,961 Words)

Title: executive summaries of specified papers Triggers for self abuse; A qualitative study, Mary T Weber, Archives of psychiatric nursing, Volume 16, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 118-124. This paper is essentially a qualitative study of a small cohort of 9 self abusing women. It was constructed using an analysis of a total of 42 semistructured interviews and attempting to draw out common themes. It has ...

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Role of Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Human Error

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,085 Words)

Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Cognitive Therapy and Human Error Automatic Subsystem Attentional Subsystem Conclusion Bibliography Q: As a Cognitive psychologist, how could you help reduce human error either at work, on the roads, or at home? Word Count: 1819 _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Human error is evident is all areas of human involvement, and may differ vastly in terms of the seriousness of the ...

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Category Specific Impairments in Recognition and Naming

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,903 Words)

Category specific impairments in recognition and naming: fact or not? ---------------------------- Question: What’s black and white and looks like a horse? Answer: Hmmmmm………..a black and white horse? Question: What do you call a guy who can’t tell the difference between an apple and a barn? Answer: Uhhhh.… what’s the name for a thing with two legs, two arms and a head and, well, they look familiar… ...

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Jung's Theory of Psychological Types

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,547 Words)

Explain C.G. Jung's theory of psychological types as a developmental model As Anthony Stevens (1990) details, Jung’s theory of psychological types has many precedents in psychology and the philosophy of mind; it can be seen to be connected to such notions as Hippocrates’ concept of the four temperaments, its medicalisation in Galen’s four humours, the ancient Egyptian systems of astrology and the Chinese binaries of Yin ...

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Gender Differences in Mental Illness Experiences

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (2,974 Words)

Title: In what ways does gender shape the experience of mental illness? Introduction Women and mental health is a vast topic and we do not presume to cover all aspects of it within the confines of this essay. We will, however, explore a number of relevant themes in some detail by particular reference to peer reviewed literature on the subject. In doing so, we recognise the ...

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Overview of Steven Pinker's Theories

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,245 Words)

Introduction and brief biography Steven Pinker is a well-known psychologist who writes, researches and lectures on language and cognition. As well as being an experienced and widely published researcher in the academic field he is also well known to non-scientists for his easily accessible popular science books covering evolutionary psychology and language development. He is arguably responsible for bringing the complex field of cognitive psychology to ...

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Preventing Deliberate Self Harm in Prison: Review of Methods

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

24 Pages (9,307 Words)

Systematic review of the efficacy of methods of preventing deliberate self harm in prison In delving into an examination of a ‘Systematic review of the efficacy of methods of preventing deliberate self-harm’ it is important to understand that the scope of the examination takes in a broad range of considerations, views and methodologies that are aligned with the main subject matter. Thus, having a clear understanding of ...

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Psychosynthesis Approach: Object Relations Theory Overview

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,181 Words)

The therapeutic model of psychosynthesis grew out of the psychodynamic movement and is based on work done by Robert Assagioli (1888-1974). Psychosynthesis takes an optimistic view of the human condition, theorising that a person progresses naturally towards a state of synthesis. For Assagioli, synthesis refers to the idea that people become interdependent and create higher levels of organisation within themselves and others (Assagioli, 1975). This essay ...

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Effects of Agenda for Change on Psychologists

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,415 Words)

What is Agenda for Change? What are the likely implications of Agenda for Change for clinical psychologists and other healthcare staff working in the UK? Agenda for Change, implemented in December 2004, is a comprehensive pay reform package for 1.2 million NHS staff. It has brought about improved correlation between career and pay, proving to be the biggest overhaul in this area for 50 years. As part of ...

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Electroconvulsive Therapy for Severe Depression: Evaluation

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

21 Pages (8,164 Words)

Can electroconvulsive therapy make a meaningful contribution in the treatment of Severe depressive illness? The work of mental health nurses. Contents Abstract Introduction Methodology of the review Critical Review of the literature The place of electroconvulsive therapy in the therapeutic armamentarium The place of electroconvulsive therapy in relapse prevention Mechanism of action Preference of site of stimulation Side effects of treatment Discussion Conclusions Appendix References Abstract ...

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Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Experience

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

15 Pages (5,627 Words)

Critically analyse and evaluate your experience of using a cognitive behavioural approach to work on a project of a personal challenge or change, integrating commentary on theory, research and practice. Introduction This work discusses in an analytical and evaluative way my experience of the use of a cognitive behavioural approach towards addressing the personal challenge of being extremely anxious when using personal computers. Firstly, a project ...

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Measuring Public Attitudes to Reality TV | Methodology

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,632 Words)

1. Outline the considerations you would make in deciding between using the Thurstone, Likert or Osgood method. Highlight the particular context and conclude with a clear decision about which of the three methods you would chose. The three social research methods of attitudinal measurement are appropriate for use in this experiment as they all give statistical evidence to support the questions relating to various attitudes taken ...

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Freud's Theory of Unconscious in Inter Group Relations

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,283 Words)

Freud’s contributions to inter group relations Freud’s theories on unconsciousness provided an important perspective that was relevant to the study of inter group relations. Freud believed that groups were composed of the unconscious life of each member. He thought a group couldn’t be understood without exploring the unconscious aspects of the individual member. He also was of the opinion that the individual couldn’t be separated from ...

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Historical Understandings of Madness in Nigeria

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,683 Words)

Madness in culture: is mental disorder universal? This paper will look at the issue of madness in culture, looking at the issue of whether mental disorders are a universal concept, with particular reference to the Nigerian culture. As Sadowsky (2003) argues, the crude maxim “what is mad in one culture might be considered sane in another” described the approach to ‘cultural psychiatry’ research regarding mental illness ...

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Brief and Time-limited Therapy: Types and Effects

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,637 Words)

Brief Therapy – Promising or Abusive? Brief and time-limited therapy experienced much controversy about its usefulness before it has finally established itself as a valid form of therapy for certain patient populations while being accepted by most professionals in the field. Some therapists have even hailed brief therapy as having already filled the place of longer-term psychotherapy and having emerged as the 21st century’s preferred treatment ...

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Novelty Preferences in Infants: Effects on Infant Cognition

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,076 Words)

Discuss the method of ‘familiarisation/novelty preference’ and consider its contribution to psychologists’ understanding of infant cognition. One of the keystones in an infant’s development is the ability to group similar items and experiences together. This, on the surface, may seem a trivial skill but it forms the basis for much of the infant’s cognitive development in the first months of life. Once similar things are identified ...

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Trait and Types Approaches to Personality

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,095 Words)

Critically evaluate the trait and type approach/perspective of personality, drawing on relevant research. This essay will begin by giving a description of what personality is, before going on to critically evaluate trait and type approaches of personality. The precise definition of personality has been a controversial issue over many years by various theorists. One definition of personality can be described as the underlying causes of individual ...

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Causes and Treatments for Dyslexia: Overview of Theories

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,180 Words)

A common definition of dyslexia states it is a specific difficulty in gaining literacy skills that occurs in people who otherwise appear to be developing normally (Snowling, 1987). It is thought to occur in between 3% and 10% of the population (Habib, 2000). Methods of treating and managing dyslexia have been largely influenced by theories about its aetiology. Three different types of explanations are examined here: ...

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Relevance of Psychology in Primary Health Care Delivery

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

22 Pages (8,680 Words)

Critically discuss how an understanding of psychology can enhance the delivery of primary health care. (District Nursing) Essay The concept of psychology as relevant to district nursing and the primary healthcare team can be examined on a number of different levels. An understanding of psychology is clearly important to the nurse when she interprets a patient’s reaction to events in their personal illness trajectory. (Yura ...

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Analysis of Construct Traits in Personality Theory

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,855 Words)

Word Count: 1521 Q: It is said that traits are important constructs in personality theory. Support or refute this statement. 1. INTRODUCTION If you were every to ask a person to describe him or her self, he or she would probably make use of adjectives such as ‘motivated’, ‘fun-loving’, or maybe ‘lazy’ and ‘disorganised’. These people would, in essence, be describing themselves by identifying aspects of ...

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Geographic Profiling of Serial Offenders

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,225 Words)

As psychological profiling seems to garner all the attention with television shows that feature FBI profilers, one should be reminded that there is another method of criminal profiling that, while less glamorous, seems to provide a very high degree of reliability. The ‘other’ method is geographic profiling that had it beginnings in a London crime spree involving a serial rapist. In these cases occurring in the ...

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Discourse Analysis on Psychological Knowledge Production

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (3,141 Words)

Putting Critical Psychology into Practice: A discourse analysis of the production of psychological knowledge; 'How I live with schizophrenia' interview by STELLA BREEZE, Daily Mail - 4th November 2003 In this assignment an article featured in the Daily Mail newspaper on the 4th of December 2003 was chosen to be analysed by way of discourse analysis. The article concerned an account of a scientific researchers coming ...

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Brain Mechanisms Controlling Drug Addiction Reinforcement

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,356 Words)

Discuss how theories relate drug addiction to endogenous brain mechanisms controlling reinforcement, and look at how these theories may be used to improve the effectiveness of treatment of addiction In psycho-biological terms addiction is regarded as the perceived need for a drug or substance and the potential for the subsequent re-use of that substance often manifesting itself in a pattern of drug induced behaviour. This has ...

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Importance of Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Therapy

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

4 Pages (1,333 Words)

Within cognitive therapy, the therapeutic relationship, along with the emotional aspects of therapy in general, has historically been of less importance than for other therapeutic modalities. In the last decade this has changed and in the so-called 'third wave' in cognitive therapy there is a much greater interest in the therapeutic relationship (Hayes, Strosahl & Wilson, 2004). This essay evaluates the relevance of the therapeutic relationship ...

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Assagioli’s Theory of Psychosynthesis

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,534 Words)

The I, the Self: Building the Bridge Only the development of his inner powers can offset the dangers inherent in man’s losing control of the tremendous natural forces at his disposal and becoming the victim of his own achievements. —Roberto Assagioli Introduction Therapists use Assagioli’s theory of psychosynthesis to help clients develop a complete and authentic identity that is fully able to access the true Self ...

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Psychoanalysis of a Family’s Entertainment Patterns

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,234 Words)

Table Of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 1.1 Family Demography 2. The Interview 2.1 Father 2.2 Mother 2.3 Son 2.4 Daughter 3. Governing Theories 3.1 Psychological Sketch of Family 4. Conclusion 5. References 1. Introduction The following article indulges into a study of the patterns of TV and radio programmes seen by an average household. We set out to carry our investigation by interviewing a family ...

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Psychosocial Resources in a Therapeutic Relationship

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,214 Words)

This essay considers the psychosocial resources implicated in a successful therapeutic relationship. Several fundamental theses seem to emerge from a review of the literature. Firstly, there is an abundance of relevant psychosocial factors, and these seem to vary across different settings. Secondly, factors such as empathy, trust, and warmth, seem crucial in most scenarios. Thirdly, the assumptions and beliefs of both therapists and patients regarding the ...

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Concepts in Cognitive Psychology

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (3,168 Words)

Memory, Thinking, Attention, Perception, Language Cognitive psychology is primarily interested in the role of the mind and its conceptual functioning. As by way of communicating information to and from each other and understanding the external world through the process of labelling and categorising certain elements pertaining to that world, the cognitive approach to psychological investigation has been interested in the nature of language from its origins. ...

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Influences on Peer Groups and Friendships

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,745 Words)

Peer groups, social competence and friendship. Indicate the relevance or not of the following: Theory, Cultural differences, Age differences, Gender differences and methodological issues. Introduction It has been established that humans are social creatures. It has also been established that humans have an inclination to form social groupings for a myriad of psychological reasons, such as friendship, acceptance, comfort, togetherness and so forth. However, the ways ...

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Change Blindness and Visual Memory: Research and Theories

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,855 Words)

What is change blindness and what can it tell us about attention? Recent research on visual memory has shown that people have great difficulty in detecting obvious changes to an object, such as colour and size, if the change occurs simultaneously with a distraction. The term change blindness is used to describe this phenomenon and much research has been carried out to further our understanding of ...

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Psychological Contract: Work-Life Balance in Retail

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,046 Words)

Title: A contemporary analysis of the concept of work life balance and the effects of the psychological contract within the business. Geared towards retail. A compiled list of the 6 main sources of information that could be used with justification as to why they are relevant and a paragraph on key theories/models, analysis tools that would be used in this dissertation. A total of around 600 ...

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Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) for Addiction | Proposal

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

5 Pages (1,730 Words)

Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP): Can EAP help in the treatment of addiction? If one looks at the statistics for addiction, it is staggering. The annual cost to the NHS for alcohol abuse alone is £3 billion, with an estimated population of recreational or addicted users of illicit drugs at 50 million (“Breaking the cycle,” 2006). The annual cost to Wales and England from drug abuse is ...

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Psychological Well-being and Job Performance Relationship

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

7 Pages (2,616 Words)

Introduction Psychological conceptions and treatments of well-being are a prominent feature of psychological literature particularly in relation to mental health from a social-psychological point of view. The fundamental questions asked in this area are arguably concerned with the way and means of understanding the psychological reactions of individuals to the stresses and challenges of modern day life activities, (Bradburn, 1969). With work being one of the ...

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Effect of Hormones on Aggressive Behaviour

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

8 Pages (3,068 Words)

The role of hormones in mediating aggressive behaviour How hormones can trigger and influence aggression in animals and humans has interested many researchers in the last six decades (Brooks-Gunn, Graber, & Paikoff, 1994). Scientists realised soon that aggressive behaviours has to be always set in a larger context. The larger context can never be neglected while investigating complex human behaviours. This applies especially when considering the ...

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Psychological Theories on Organisational Work Conditions

Published Date: 17 Apr 2018

3 Pages (1,174 Words)

A) Describe what psychologists have discovered about organisational work conditions. Psychologists have spent many years trying to prove or disprove the fact that organisation in the work place effects the productivity of the employees. That is to say, if work conditions such as lighting, temperature, noise and vibration do indeed affect the level to which the employees subjected to these issues work. It is proven that ...

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Sexual Abuse: Impacts and Treatments

Published Date: 16 Apr 2018

9 Pages (3,388 Words)

Sexual Abuse Abstract There is a great deal to be said regarding an individual’s retort to sexual distress. The victim of that suffering has a high probability of creating an offence of their individual, perhaps by means of substance as a means to deal with, or construct any numeral of meager choices as a means of contracting with the abuse. What the distressing thing is ...

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Qualitative Research: When People are at their Happiest

Published Date: 16 Apr 2018

6 Pages (2,287 Words)

Abstract The main aim of this research was to assess when people are at their happiest, previous research that was carried out was explored for an in-depth knowledge of how individual states of happiness varies and also that happiness mean different things to different people. Happiness is one of the most important part of life for people to attain good health. Thematic analysis method was used ...

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