New Zealand Policies And Strategy On Disability

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Name: Lalita Jeet

Submitted to: Sue Novak

Signature :…………..

4.1 The New Zealand Policies and Strategy on disability

The New Zealand Disability Strategy provides a framework that will enable the government to begin removing the barriers that prevent disabled people from participating fully in society.

The Strategy has the vision of a society that highly values the lives and continually enhances full participation of disabled people. It provides an enduring framework to ensure that government departments and agencies consider disabled people before making decisions.

Action to implement the New Zealand Disability Strategy objectives can be grouped into five themes. These themes do not reflect a hierarchy of priority, nor are they mutually exclusive.

Promoting citizenship - by fostering society’s ability to include disabled people. This requires initiatives to improve public awareness of disability, to raise the visibility and promote the leadership of disabled people, and to ensure disabled people’s rights are upheld. Objectives in this theme are: 2 - Ensure rights for disabled people, 1 - Encourage and educate for a non-disabling society, and 5 - Foster leadership by disabled people.

Building government capacity - by ensuring agencies have the necessary knowledge, skills and systems to address disability issues. This requires improved information collection and understanding of what will help to eliminate barriers to participation. Objectives in this theme are: 6 - Foster an aware and responsive public service, and 10 - Collect and use relevant information about disabled people and disability issue.

Improving disability support services - by ensuring the way they are provided enables disabled people to have ordinary choices and responsibilities. Objective 7 - Create long-term support systems centred in the individual is in this them.

Promoting participation by disabled people in all areas of life - by identifying and maximising opportunities in all sectors of the community. This requires government agencies to take disability issues into account when making decisions in a wide range of sectors; for example, addressing longstanding barriers in transport, sports and recreation, relationship services or companies regulations. Objectives in this theme are: 3 - Provide the best education for disabled people, 4 - Provide opportunities in employment and economic development for disabled people, 8 - Support quality living in the community for disabled people, and 9 - Support lifestyle choices, recreation and culture for disabled people.

Addressing diversity of need - by acknowledging that, in addition to common issues, there is huge diversity among disabled people. It is also important to address the specific needs of disabled people’s families. Objectives in this theme are: 11 - Promote participation of disabled Māori, 12 - Promote participation of disabled Pacific peoples, 13 - Enabled disabled children and youth to lead full and active lives, 14 - Promote participation of disabled women in order to improve their quality of life, and 15 - Value families, whānau and people providing ongoing support. Specific action improving the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (such as outlined in the National Health Committee’s To Have an Ordinary Life report, September 2003) is included in this group.

Australia

Enhancing the lives of people with disability is one of the 10 development objectives of making a real difference delivering real result. Australias development for all towards a disability inclusive Australian aid programme 2009-2014 strategy aims to ensure that people with disability are included in and benefit equally Australias development assistance. They aim to support the participation of people with disability in economic social and political life to reduce poverty, increase economic growth and enhance democratic governance. The objectives are follows: 1. Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty. People with disability represent a substantial proportion of the extremely poor. As it will not reduce extreme poverty if the needs of people with disability are ignored. 2. Achieve universal primary education. It is impossible to achieve universal primary education unless development efforts focus on the around 24 million children with disability not attending school. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women. Poor women and girls with disability have the least power in society and are compared to women and girls without disability.

5. Improve maternal health. More than 10 million women a year develop disability and long-term compilcations as result of pregnancy and childbirth. 6. Combat Hiv/aids , malaria and other diseases. People with diseases are at risk of developing disabilities and also greater risk of contracting Hiv. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. In accessible environment prevent people with disability from participating in society, requiring accessible infrasture and relief efforts to ensure sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development including planning, implementation and evaluation.

United Kingdom The policies of united kingdom exists to promote opportunities and independence for all. It provides to individuals and supports the countrys economic growth and social cohesion. The departments help the individuals to achieve their potential through employment to provide for themselves, their children and their future retirement. It works with others to combat poverty both of aspirations and outcomes.

Similarties And differences The similarties between the new Zealand when comparing with Australia and united kingdom is that all polices states the well-being and good health for the society. It also states to minimise the poverty and the rights and opportunities for disability people. And also encouraging independence for them. The differences is that the Australian policy combats the diseases like HIV/malaria whereas New Zealand don’t have such policy.

The Australian Policy on Ageing

The Pattern of Ageing in South Australia -The population of SA is ageing. By 2031, 23.9% of South Australians are projected to be aged 65 years and over. Income and Financial Support The policy includes the current most common source of retirement income is the aged pension, an indexed payment funded and regulated by the Federal Government. Compulsory employer-funded superannuation was introduced in 1992 under Federal Government regulation with the intent of providing income during retirement; however few people as yet have sufficient superannuation balances to be solely reliant on income from superannuation

Housing and Accommodation -The three main tenures of housing are owner occupied home ownership, private rental accommodation, and State Government and not-for-profit sector funded public rental. Planning regulation is under the auspices of Local Government. Health -Health services are predominantly overseen by State Government under State and Federal funding, and by private practitioners and companies. Medicare, a rebate system for private practitioner services is Federally funded; private sector companies provide health insurance products for consumers. Older people are the majority users of health services and hospitals, potentially placing future pressure upon SA health care service capacity to meet the needs of an ageing community. Community Services -State and Government funded Community services for the aged are predominantly delivered to those on income support payments. Local Government provides community services but delivery and policy tends to be ad hoc between Councils. Non-government community service delivery is provided primarily by not-for-profit organisations, with many services receiving Federal or State funding. Aged Care -Aged care is funded and regulated predominantly by the Federal Government, and delivered by both for-profit and not-for-profit organisations, on a fee-for-service and subsidised basis. Recreation, Leisure and Social Activity -Nearly half of older South Australians belong to a sporting, hobby or recreation based organisation, and participation in cultural and community events remains robust in those aged 65 and over. Walking is the most popular exercise for older people with 58% of older people utilizing non-structured outdoor facilities for recreation and leisure pursuits. Transport -Public transport services across the Adelaide metropolitan area are uneven with many areas under-serviced; rural areas in particular are poorly serviced. Lack of available, affordable and suitable transport imposes challenges for older people to maintain independence and social networks and participation. Responsibility for public transport is primarily under the umbrella of the State Government .Local Governments provide community transport services but delivery tends to be ad hoc, inflexible and confined within local Council boundaries. Paid Employment-Despite the influence of structural population ageing on labour force growth, South Australia exhibits counter trends in respect of higher labour force participation of older age groups of both genders. However growth in permanent jobs is concentrated in occupations requiring higher education with possible impact on transfer of skills of older workers between occupations. Federal Government initiatives are aimed at increasing workforce participation of older people, provision of adult community education programs, and support for retrenched workers. Volunteering and Carers- It reports a lower national rate of volunteering for \most age groups. As volunteering contributes to community and economy, facilitates social capital and connectedness, and confers health benefits, the SA Government aims to increase the rate of volunteering.

The United Kingdom The Disability Access Policy 2006 - 2009 aims to remove administrative,

procedural and physical barriers that prevent equal access to services for people with disabilities. It is designed to reflect the Council's commitment to independent access for all employees and members of the community. The policy aims to integrate an awareness of disability issues into policies, practices and procedures in all areas of service provision. It also gives some guidance as to how this might be achieved and links to other polices and strategies where appropriate. It aims to improve access, prevent discriminatory practices and reduce the risk of legal action under the Disability Discrimination Act (1995, 2005), Human Rights Act (1998) and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001). The pension accessible age is 55 plus This policy supports a social model view of disability where disability is defined as the loss or limitation of opportunity to take part in society on an equal level due to barriers in society and/or the environment.

Similarities And Differences The similarties is that all the three policies promote active and productive ageing and support the concept of positive ageing, with an emphasis on improving well-being attitudes of ageing. The strategies promote the value of older peoples contribution and seek increased participation promoting the benefits for both individual and society. The differences is that compared to united kingdom and Australia New Zealand has few incentives to early retirement. They get the pension at the pension at the age of 65 plus whereas in Australian and united kingdom the pension funds are accessible at the age of 55.

4.2 Service delivery polices for disability New Zealand The public funding and provision of personal health services, public health services as well as disability support services were set out by the new Zealand health and disability act 2000 to which according to the services were supplied by the district Health boards whilst pharmacy hold the responsibility for medications. Under the act the blood service also was founded. In the community the professional healthcare services received from a GP or practice nurse can be related to primary health care. Under the the public health and disability act, the primary health organisations were established. With a large range of health and preventative services covered primary health care main objective is dealing with health education, screening disease health education as well as disease prevention as counselling.

United Kingdom The alternative to traditional modes of funding and service provision for people with disabilities – to support people to make choices and to be included – goes under many different names, including person-centred services; self-directed support; person-directed service; independent living; consumer control; self determination; self- directed services; consumer-directed services; IF (IF). All alternative models are based on the same principle: if disabled people are to participate and contribute as equal citizens they must have choice and control over the funding and support they need to go about their daily lives. The main concept for the approach is Self-determination/consumer-direction/self-direction: a belief based on the understanding that people have both the right and responsibility to exercise control over the services they receive. Individualized Funding: is a style of funding community services where funds needed to purchase required community services and supports go directly to the individual, based on a plan that is negotiated with government. Financial resources and a greater degree of decision-making power will thus be placed in the hands of people with disabilities and their personal networks. Independent living in the community: definitions vary; however common themes relating to this value include consumer sovereignty, self-reliance, inclusiveness, and integration.

Australia Service delivery has five main functions: To provide a service to the users,

To provide the resources (staff, volunteers, facilities, equipment, skills, knowledge etc.) necessary for the service, To maintain the service to a standard that can be used by all members. To balance the needs of the service users with the needs of the service, and the needs of the community,to share and draw on skills / resources where needed. The service provider:Any service that is provided by an agency, service group or organisation that specialises in looking after the needs of people with disability. The service provider may specialise in a particular area of care (accommodation, recreation, education or employment), or provide services that include all aspects of a person's life. They are generally funded by the Disability Services Commission (DSC) and contracted to provide the service within the policies of the DSC.

Service Delivery Policies on Ageing New Zealand The direction for lifelong disability support services and services for older people in New Zealand is set out in several government strategies published since 2001. The overarching theme of each of these strategies is that support services should, as far as possible, be provided in the community context and that service users be supported to make positive decisions about options for living and care. Support services are funded by three separate mechanisms, as follows. • The Disability Services Directorate of the Ministry of Health funds services provided to people requiring lifelong disability support. • District Health Boards (DHBs) fund services for older people. • ACC funds social rehabilitation services for claimants eligible under the Injury Prevention,Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2001.

Australia Australia's population aged 65 and older is projected to increase from 2.5 million (about 12 per cent of the population) in 2002 to 4.2 million in 2021 (about 18 per cent of the projected population) (Department of Health and Ageing 2002, p. 5). The ageing of the population is driven by declines in fertility and increased longevity. The working-age population that will provide most of the income to support these people will barely increase from 13.2 million to 15.1 million, while the youth population is expected to remain more or less the same. This means there is likely to be a higher level of dependence on government-funded health and ageing services. This may have a significant impact on local government .Many of the costs of ageing will fall to the Australian and State governments. The Australian Government is the main provider of funding of health and aged care services in Australia, with their cost doubling to about 4 per cent of GDP in the last 30 years. Australian Government funds are provided through Medicare, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, private health insurance rebates, funding contributions to State hospitals and by grants to non-government organisations for residential care, community care and Indigenous health care. Aged care spending is expected to almost treble from 0.7 per cent of GDP in 2001-02 to 1.8 per cent of GDP in 2041-42 .The Australian Government also provides payments to individuals through the aged and service pensions and through superannuation concessions.

State governments will make a significant contribution to meeting the costs of an ageing community through public hospitals, policing and public transport.

United Kingdom Healthcare coverage-With universal healthcare, UK healthcare services are delivered through the NHS. However, strained public finances continue to hamper healthcare delivery. In 2011 spending on healthcare equaled around 9.8% of GDP. Meanwhile, expenditure on private healthcare is growing. Policy commitments Current NHS reforms under the Health and Social Care Act decentralize control of healthcare and give doctors greater power to commission services for their patients. However, some worry that a more localized system will weaken national strategies, making it harder to address certain areas of care, such as treatment for older people with long-term conditions. In the public spending squeeze, local government budgets are meanwhile likely to be hardest hit, constraining the resources available for healthcare. In order to manage costs and improve care delivery, UK policymakers are turning to technology. As part of the Department of Health’s 3millionlives initiative, the government plans to use telehealth and telecare to improve life for those with long-term conditions and social care needs. Trials so far have shown a 45% drop in mortality rates, a 20% reduction in emergency admissions and a 14% drop in elective admissions. Preventive care- Integrating social services and healthcare more closely is a major focus for UK policymakers. Integrated services can be powerful tools in preventive care.

Similarities And Differences The similarities is that all the three service delivery polices have positive and informed attitudes to older people and are fundamental to ageing nation and the services provided in a way that satisfies elderly people. It has a positive adopt tone when discussing ageing. The differences is that all the three polices have a method of funding through different agencies. For instance in new Zealand it is done by the residential care, home and community support services whereas in Australia and kingdom it is done through accommodation support which includes community residential services,support living arrangements and local area connection.

Reference agi power points http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ministry of social development- (new Zealand) http://greens.org.au/policies/care-for-people/disability. www.nda.ie/website/nda/chtmgmtnew...developing services html. www.ccdhb.org.nz//ageing and health disability services 2001. www.msd.govt.nz new Zealand positive ageing strategy. www.dwp.gov.uk/policy/ageing-society/ageing-well.com.htm www.deloitte.com/united kingdom/uk-gps-lse ageing-popu. www.health.gov.au>for customers rural and regional health. http://www.cota.org-au/australia http://www.bc.edu/content/bc/research/ageing and work/archive-pubs/.html