Similarities For Disability Policies

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

TASK 4

4.1 clearly identify and explain the international policy on disability from two countries, and shows similarities and differences between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand.

SIMILARITIES FOR DISABILITY POLICIES:

The three counties gives special attention to the equal rights of the disabled people like the other people have. Also providing enough educational right like enrolling to special schools, conducive environment for disabled people such as airports, sports and recreation centers and complexes, establishments, public parking places, work-places, and public utilities. As well as accessibility for transportation, levelling off pavements, installing lifts and accessible toilets and ensuring access to public places. They also have government and non-government agencies which supports the welfare of disabled people and also advocates for them.

DIFFERENCES FOR DISABILITY POLICIES:

In New Zealand they have Sign Language Act, in which it states that new Zealand Sign Language Act will be an official language for disabled people. Also New Zealand Disability Strategy is established to ensure that government agencies should consider disabled people in decision making process. While in the Philippines they have an Executive order 232, in which National Council on the Welfare of Disabled Persons (NCWDP) was formed, it is an policy making and coordinating agency in which they ensure that policies and constitutional provisions are being implemented to facilitate the disabled people in participating in planning and formulating better life.

PHILIPPINES DISABILITY POLICIES:

Republic Act 7277 the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 states that:

Disabled persons are part of the Philippine society, thus the State shall give full support to the improvement of the total well being of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society. They also have the same rights as other people to take their proper place in society. They should be able to live freely and as independently as possible. The rehabilitation of the disabled persons shall be the concern of the Government in order to foster their capacity to attain a more meaningful, productive and satisfying life. Recognizes the role of the private sector in promoting the welfare of disabled persons and shall encourage partnership in programs that address their needs and concerns. Facilitate integration of disabled persons into the mainstream of society; The State shall advocate for and encourage respect for disabled persons. The state shall exert all efforts to remove all social, cultural, economic, and environmental and attitude barriers that are prejudicial to disabled persons. Magna Carta was significantly amended by Republic Act 9442 of 2006 which incorporates additional social, economic and human rights provisions. In addition to significant discounts on transportation fares and purchases of medicines and other basic daily essentials, RA 9442 strictly prohibits and penalizes any act that has an effect of vilifying persons with disabilities.

Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 – An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices, it states that:

Educational institutions, airports, sports and recreation centers and complexes, shopping centers or establishments, public parking places, work-places, public utilities, shall be granted or issued unless the owner or operator thereof shall install and incorporate in such building, establishment, institution or public utility, such architectural facilities or structural features as shall reasonably enhance the mobility of disabled persons such as sidewalks, ramps, railings and the like. In the case of the parking place of any of the above institutions, buildings, or establishment, or public utilities, the owner or operator shall reserve sufficient and suitable space for the use of disabled persons. In case of public conveyance, devices such as the prominent display of posters or stickers shall be used to generate public awareness of the rights of the disabled and foster understanding of their special needs. Special bus stops shall be designed for disabled persons. Discriminating against disabled persons in the carriage or transportation of passengers is hereby declared unlawful. The Minister of Public Works and Highways and the Minister of Transportation and Communication, in coordination with the National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons, shall prepare the necessary rules and regulations to implement the provisions of this Act. Any person violating any provision of this Act or of the rules and regulations promulgated hereunder shall, upon conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less than one month but not more than one year or a fine of P2,000 to P5,000 or both, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That in the case of corporations, partnerships, cooperatives or associations, the president, manager or administrator, or the person who has charge of the construction, repair or renovation of the buildings, space or utilities shall be criminally responsible for any violation of this Act and/or rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto.

Executive Order 232 was the creation of the National Council on the Welfare of Disabled Persons (NCWDP).

As the national policy-making and coordinating agency, the NCWDP is tasked to ensure the consideration and implementation of the Constitutional provisions. It is structured so that persons with disabilities can actively participate at the planning and formulation stages. Through its various Sub Committee structures specific concerns are examined by identified government agencies providing services to the sector alongside representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities. NCWDP structures are designed even to reach out to the grass roots levels via the Regional Council on the Welfare of Disabled Persons (RCWDP) established nearly in all regions of the country. Non-governmental Organizations of, for and by persons with disabilities are represented in the deliberations of proposed and implemented laws and policies for continuing analyses and reformulations as needed. Formal review group was organized under NCWDP management, involving mainly persons with disabilities resulting in significant proposed legislations aimed to improve and even remove certain provisions of this chief national law for the persons with disabilities, the RA 7277. Advocacy via partnership with government and non government sectors including, in many cases, private and international advocacy and funding groups, is a significant activity within the NCWDP structure.

MALAYSIA DISABILITY POLICIES:

General policy

The officially recognized disability policy in Malaysia is expressed: in guidelines adopted by the government, in guidelines adopted by the national disability council and in policy adopted by NGOs. The strongest emphasis in this policy - in descending scale - is on rehabilitation, prevention, and individual support and accessibility measures.

General legislation applies to persons with different disabilities with respect to: education, employment, the right to marriage, the right to parenthood/family and political rights. In their capacity as citizens, persons with disabilities are given the same rights as non-disabled citizens.

Accessibility

There are laws and regulations to ensure accessibility of the built environment requiring that public places, the outdoor environment, land, sea and air transportation are made accessible. The following measures have been promoted by the government to facilitate accessibility in the built environment: levelling off pavements, installing lifts and accessible toilets and ensuring access to public places. There are special transport arrangements for persons with disabilities. There is a disability awareness component incorporated in the training of planners, architects and construction engineers. Also there are government measures to encourage media and other forms of public information to make their services accessible for persons with disabilities. The following services are provided in order to facilitate information and communication between persons with disabilities and other persons: literature in Braille/tape and sign language interpretation being available for any purpose.

Organizations of person with disabilities

There is a national umbrella organization. The government gives financial and organizational/logistic support to existing or new organizations of persons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities participate to a very limited extent in legislatures, judiciary, and political parties, to some extent in government and to a great extent in NGOs. The role of organizations of persons with disabilities is to advocate rights and improved services, mobilize persons with disabilities, identify needs and priorities, participate in the planning, implementation and evaluation of services and measures, contribute to public awareness, provide services and promote/organize income generating activities.

There is a national co-ordinating committee reporting to the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development. The committee includes representatives of the Ministries of Finance, of Employment and of Education, and from organizations of persons with disabilities, from other NGOs and from the private sector. The government expects the co-ordinating committee to participate in policy development and to perform other tasks, for example the establishment of NGO training institutes. The establishment of the co-ordinating committee has had the following effects: improved co-ordination of measures/programmes, improved integration of responsibility, a better dialogue in the disability field, more accurate planning, more effective use of resources and improved promotion of public awareness.

NEW ZEALAND DISABILITY POLICIES:

The New Zealand Sign Language Act, passed in 2006

Establishes New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL) as an official language and provides for the right to use NZSL in legal proceedings. The Act has other provisions aimed at promoting the use of NZSL.

The New Zealand Disability Strategy established a high level framework to ensure that all Government agencies consider disabled people in their decision-making processes.

Inclusion Access and Affirmative Action

National awareness-raising project on disability issues

Affirmative action on barriers to inclusion to people with impairments can be active in their communities.

Ensure public transport is accessible to all.

Include disability awareness in public sector inductions courses and continuing education.

Work and Education

Bringing schools into the NZ disability strategy, and ensure they are fully resourced to educate children with impairments.

Increase support for people with impairments to gain paid work.

Provide assistance to employers of people with impairments for adaptations and special equipment.

Protection and Advocacy

Provide free, accessible advocacy service while supporting the right to self advocate.

Encourage a culture that speaks out against and works to eliminate abuse.

Reinstate parent advocacy phone line.

Reproductive Rights

Ensure those who are completent to make informed decision on their sexual and reproductive rights have the freedom to do so.

No sterilisation of anyone under 18 anless necessary to save the person’s life.

Accessible Public Land Transport

Accessible public land transport is essential to enable disabled people to take part in all aspects of community life such as education, employment and accessing essential services such as health.

Access to Service

One of the most significant issues for disabled people concerns access to appropriate support services. Issues such as where and when the services are available, the right amount of services and the professional standard of services have been longstanding concerns.

Accessibility

This is achieved by removing barriers and providing reasonable accommodation. Reasonable accommodation is adjustments that help people overcome barriers. Not providing reasonable accommodation may be discrimination.

Countries that have ratified the Convention must report to the United Nations on how they are implementing and complying with the Convention. New Zealand ratified the Disability Convention in 2008. New Zealand’s first report to the United Nations on the implementation of the Convention is due in October 2010, and from then on every four years. Progress reports must be developed with the "full participation of disabled people" and involve independent monitoring of progress.

4.1 Clearly identify and explain the international policy on aging from two countries, and shows similarities and differences between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand.

SIMILARITIES FOR AGING POLICIES:

All the three countries focused on giving the elderly a good quality of life whereon they have the privileges to have affordable if not free medical access. They are also given attention with regards to income, housing, transport, security, employment, and equal opportunity. As well as discounts for every establishments and mostly all of the paid bills of elderly are low-priced and the respect of each country for elderly as exceptional, in which they really give way to them such as letting them be on the line first, offering them a seat, and even assisting them to cross the street. Both Malaysia and Philippines have similar policy regarding the benefits of elderly when they reach their retirement age, their respective government provide pensions and subsidy monthly that gives them enough money to live even though they are out of work already. But in terms of home care or what they usually call residential care facility both Malaysia and new Zealand posses this institutions, it is within their culture to place their loved ones in a retirement facility when they get old for the reason that no one will be able to care for them at home because of busy schedule or work.

DIFFERENCES FOR AGING POLICIES:

For the three countries only Philippines are the one who really don’t make use of retirement facility mainly because it is in their culture to take good care of their loved ones until they die. Usually one of the family member look after the elderly, and it is in their culture that, it is rude to put your loved one in a home care or aged care. Also for New Zealand they have what they call positive aging strategy which it lays out all the things to be done or things to be changed in order to achieve quality life or elderly and society for all ages. Also Malaysia and Philippines are both developing countries and as such they both depend largely on the family support system in taking care of the elderly. Whereas New Zealanders believe in aging in place where they are provided with safe environment where they can still be independent and can participate in the community activities.

PHILIPPINES AGING POLICIES:

Republic Act (RA) No. 7432

The grant of twenty percent (20 percent) discount from all establishments relative to utilization of transportation services, hotels and similar lodging establishment, restaurants and recreation centers and purchase of medicines anywhere in the country: Provided, That private establishments may claim the cost as tax credit; A minimum of twenty percent (20 percent) discount on admission fees charged by theaters, cinema houses and concert halls, circuses, carnivals and other similar places of culture, leisure, and amusements; Exemption from the payment of individual income taxes: Provided, That their annual taxable income does not exceed the poverty level as determined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for that year; Exemption from training fees for socioeconomic programs undertaken by the OSCA as part of its work; Free medical and dental services in government establishment anywhere in the country, subject to guidelines to be issued by the Department of Health, the Government Service Insurance System and the Social Security System. To the extent practicable and feasible, the continuance of the same benefits and privileges given by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Social Security System (SSS) and PAG-IBIG, as the case may be, as are enjoyed by those in actual service. Also motivate and encourage the senior citizens to contribute to nation building and to encourage their families and communities they live with to reaffirm the valued Filipino tradition of caring for their senior citizens. This law granted the following privileges to senior citizens.

RA 7876 or the "Senior Citizens Center Act of the Philippines"

Established senior citizens centers in every city and municipality of country. The centers serve as venues for the delivery of integrated and comprehensive services to older persons. The organizations of older persons manage these centers with the support of the local and national governments. It is based on the Vienna Plan of Action on Ageing and the Macao Plan of Action on Ageing for Asia and the Pacific, the Philippines adopted the Philippine Plan of Action for Older Persons in 1999. The plan of action addresses eight major areas of concern: namely, older persons and the family; social position of older persons; health and nutrition; housing, transportation and environment; income security, maintenance, and employment; social services and the community; continuing education/learning; and, older persons and the market.

RA 9257 known as the "Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003"

House of Representatives and the Senate include the following, among others: local governance representation of senior citizens; increase the discount privileges enjoyed by senior citizens to all establishments; lowering of retirement age of teachers; protection from institutional, community and domestic violence and sexual assault; and expansion of the discount benefit from just prescribed medicines to cover all types of medicines. Also grants additional benefits and privileges to senior citizens without qualifying whether not they earn less than P60,000, which was a prerequisite under the old law.

MALAYSIA AGING POLICIES:

National Social Welfare Policy (1990)

Address the need for care of older persons Family and communities to be encouraged and continue care of the elderly

Caring Society’ project (1990)

Interaction and co-operation between government, NGO’s and voluntary organisation to address the issues relating to caring, including the issue of care for the elderly. Family will continue to be encouraged to take care of the elderly

Care Centre Act (1993) & Care Centre Regulations (1994)

To ensure adherence to requirements and standards for care centres and institutions for the elderly in order to protect interest of older persons

Health Care Programme for the Elderly (1995)

Aimed to improve and maintain the health and functional ability of older persons

Promote quality of life and forging productive aging among older persons

Improve health of older persons through promotive and preventive health care

Establish specialist geriatric services at both regional and state levels by 2000

Develop a comprehensive plan of action on training and research needs in the care of older persons

Provide quality health care through community-based approaches

Development of geriatric care, rehabilitation and community services• National Policy for the Elderly (1995)

Formed after various NGOs pressed for such a policy

Enhance the respect and self worth of the elderly

Improve potential for the elderly to live independently

Make available facilities to care and protect the elderly

Encourage efforts to provide programs and activities for the elderly

Support research efforts on issues related to the elderly

Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act (1998) Stipulate guidelines and regulations for nursing homes

Health care for the elderly (2001-2005)

Expanding the scope of services to include health care for the elderly

Geriatric medicine to be integrated into medical are programme

Extension of specialist geriatric services to more hospitals

Efforts to improve rehabilitative care such as physiotherapy, audiology, speech and occupational therapy services

Employees Provident Fund (KWSP) Government-sanctioned statutory body founded in 1951 Act as a social social protection

Compulsory savings scheme in Malaysia for the formal sector: monthly contributions from employers and employees - (Employers:12%, Employees: 9%). Contributions from self-employed are on voluntary basis

The contributions are cumulative; annual dividend paid (Dividends of a minimum 2.5% per annum guaranteed on savings) EPF savings can be withdrawn upon retirement (age 55 yrs and above) EPF funds used for investments in sectors like equity, securities, debentures, property and currency as well as financing of large-scale government projects

Objectives of the EPF: Provide a measure of security for old age retirement for its members, Provide retirement benefits for its members, Provide an easy and efficient system for employers to fulfil legal and moral obligation to contribute to the EPF of their employees, Contribute to the country’s socio-economic development through careful investments

Public Sector Pension Scheme

Non-contributory social security scheme for civil servants

Pensions expenditure is fully borne by the Government via annual allocation from the Federal Budget

Provide security for old age and financial assistance to the dependents of those in the Government service if government employee passes away while in service or after retirement.

NEW ZEALAND AGING:

Positive Ageing Strategy

The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy was published in April 2001 and launched at that time by the then Minister for Senior Citizens, Hon Lianne Dalziel. The need for a comprehensive and strategic approach to ageing issues in the New Zealand context was however highlighted several years earlier – during the 1999 International Year of Older persons.

That year provided an impetus to highlight the status of older people in New Zealand, raise awareness of older people’s issues on the policy agenda, and to consider the challenges and opportunities New Zealand’s ageing population will generate. In the first few months of the year 2000, officials at the Ministry of Social Development prepared a comprehensive project plan for work on the establishment of a Positive Ageing Strategy. In planning documents the purpose of the Strategy was described as follows:

To improve opportunities for older people to participate in the community;

To build on previous work and actions, particularly the research undertaken and networks developed during the International Year of Older Persons; and

To combine actions being taken across different policy portfolios, into a comprehensive strategy framework.

When the New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy was produced, its purpose had been encapsulated in the phrase "Towards a Society for all Ages". This reflects the strategic direction set out in the strategy’s principles and goals. The end goal, or long termoutcome is a society where older peoples’ contributions are valued, where older people can participate in their communities in the ways that they choose, and where both young and old view older age as positive and empowering.

The Principles and Goals

Income: Secure and adequate income for older people

Health: Equitable, timely, affordable and accessible health services for older people

Housing: Affordable and appropriate housing options for older people

Transport: Affordable and accessible transport options for older people

Ageing in Place: Older people feel "safe and secure" and can "age in place"

Cultural Diversity: A range of culturally appropriate services allows choices for older people

Rural: Older people living in rural communities are not disadvantaged when accessing Services

Attitudes: People of all ages have positive attitudes to ageing and older people

Employment: Elimination of ageism and the promotion of flexible work options

Opportunities: Increasing opportunities for personal growth and community participation.

The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy is dynamic.

This is achieved through a range of mechanisms including: a new Action Plan being produced each year, each year’s Action Plan being reported on in the following year, and a commitment to produce reports on the status of older people, at approximately three yearly intervals. The Office for Senior Citizens, which is part of the Ministry of Social Development, has responsibility for producing Positive Ageing Strategy Action Plans and Annual reports.

4.2 clearly identify and explain the international service delivery policy on disability from two countries, and shows similarities and differences between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand.

SIMILARITIES IN SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES FOR DISABILITY:

Both Philippines and New Zealand have similar aims with regards in removing the barriers in terms of social, cultural, economic, environmental, \and attitudes of people towards people with disability. But for the three countries they have similar policies with regards to government and non- government agencies that have various provisions in helping and dealing people with disability. They also have organisations private and international like unicef for Philippines and Malaysia that helps and guides them in taking steps to improve the life of disabled people.

DIFFERENCES IN SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES FOR DISABILITY:

In the Philippines they have Angat Pinoy 2004, it is a development plan, in whic it targets community based, center-based and gender sensitive social welfare interventions for disabled and elderly. They also promote prevention, identification, and early intervention, in which every third week of July every year they perform awareness campaign for people with disabilities and perform various activities such as Paralympics and other outdoor activities. On the other hand, In Malaysia they have models of service which comprise social which focuses on human relations with people and environment, professional in which it concerns the environment that accommodates the person with disability with regards to schools, employment, hospital, and many more, and scientific model that targets systematic enquiry to objects, behavioural and interaction patterns, time and resources while in new Zealand they have ACC support in which it provides funding support to people with disability regardless of inborn or accident acquired injury.

PHILIPPINES SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES IN DISABILITY:

National Development Plan

Angat Pinoy 2004 (MediumTerm Philippine Development Plan for (1999-2004)

Policy on Social Welfare and Community Development: "Promoting community-based, center-based and gender-sensitive social welfare interventions for the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged including: children, youth, women, persons with disabilities, indigenous people, informal sector workers, victims of disasters, victims of humanrights violations, the elderly, dysfunctional families, and depressed communities using the Total Family Approach.". Strategic policies include:

Giving vulnerable groups priority access to social services and safety nets; Targeting areas and population groups where social development needs are greatest; Developing and using more innovative delivery and financing mechanisms for social services provision, such as home-based care for health, and non-conventional /alternative learning systems like distance and mobile education; Harnessing the complementary roles of government, the private sector, civil society and the community in the development of human capacities, through the principles of convergence and multi-sectoral collaboration; and 2-5 Strengthening the capability of LGUs to deliver more effectively social services; and Ensuring that spending on basic social services is at least 20 % of the national budget.

Prevention, Identification and Early Intervention

Every year in the third week of July, the following awareness campaign is observed nationwide and awareness campaign slogans are displayed on the walls of government offices and private companies. Persons with disabilities perform activities such as "Paralympics" and other outdoor games, etc.

National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Awareness Week 2000

A "special week" of awareness on persons with disabilities, prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities.

Assistive Devices

The country is still in the process of collecting reliable statistics regarding the situation of disabilities, but according to the house- to house surveys performed in whole municipalities that are implementing the national Community- Based Rehabilitation Program (CBRP),between 6 and 7 % of the population had disabilities and at least 30% of this population required assistive devices at the time of the survey. Handicap International, an NGO that makes orthoses and prostheses, has established 15 workshops in the Philippines. 13 private workshops are located around the country, but are mainly located in the metropolitan areas. There are only four workshops for other assistive devices, primarily ambulation aids such as; canes, crutches, walkers, and wheel chairs. These devices are usually imported from Germany, Taiwan and China.

MALAYSIA SERVICE DELIVERY PLAN IN DISABILITY:

Models of Services

Three broad (and simplistic) models could be described as, but not limited to:  

Social (holistic): is concerned with who we are, and how we socialise with each other. Human interaction with each other and the environment play an important part. Families, ethnic or social groups, hobby clubs are all about how the members interact with each other and how the environment affects the members as a group. Members also have the opportunity to change their own environment to their own needs without affecting the community as a whole. The purpose (objectives, goals, policies etc.) of the community are less formal with less defined roles.

Professional (holistic/specialised): is concerned with providing an environment that accommodates the particular profession or the activity of the profession (educational / medical / business). The members have to fit in to structured environments that are less accommodating to the needs of individual members and how they interact with each other. Work places, schools, churches, hospitals, boarding houses, nursing homes (even suburbs) are about groups of people, and how the person fits into the environment rather than how the environment fits into the person. The purpose (objectives, goals, policies etc.) of the community is formal with clearly defined roles for its members. Community services are often built around the professional model, where staff or volunteers are employed by the service to support the service users within the goals, values etc. of the service provider. Records are kept on budgets, expenses, care plans, progress notes, medical histories etc.

Scientific (specialised): is concerned with research, facts and figures. The community is highly structured around a set of standards, procedures and principles that do not allow for individuals. Focus is on objective systematic enquiry of objects, patterns of behavior and interactions, time and resources, balance sheets and budgets, efficiencies of scale, opportunity cost etc. Research communities need to have a consistent approach to inquiry so results can be analysed and compared. Sporting communities are about finding the best performance of the players to achieve a desired outcome - to win the game. 

When providing the most appropriate care for people with high support needs

The community is not where the person is living, but where the person participates, shares experiences and has valued relationships with others.

People with high support needs (severe disability, aged etc.) will always need support structures as a part of their lives.

The amount of participation in a community (living, education, employment or recreation) is directly related to the skills and resources of the person, and, the skills and resources of the community that the person wishes to participate in.

Institutions are going to be around in one form or another whether we like it or not, It is the way that they are used that is the problem.

The institutions of a society towards a particular group determine the way the group participates in society.

The institutions of a particular government department, organisation, profession or service define the way the person is supported within that society.

Facilities that support people with high support needs do not need to be the nursing homes or prisons in the sense that they are today, but can become warm inviting community places that offer a range of services to the community, as well as be a part of the wider community within that society.

People with high support needs are a minority group in our society, and will have the same problems as other minority groups in being a part of society.

Service delivery has five main functions:

To provide a service to the users; To provide the resources (staff, volunteers, facilities, equipment, skills, knowledge etc.) necessary for the service; To maintain the service to a standard that can be used by all members; To balance the needs of the service users with the needs of the service, and the needs of the community; and to share and draw on skills / resources where needed.

Service providers

Any service that is provided by an agency, service group or organisation that specialises in looking after the needs of people with disability. The service provider may specialise in a particular area of care (accommodation, recreation, education or employment), or provide services that include all aspects of a person's life. They are generally funded by the Disability Services Commission (DSC) and contracted to provide the service within the policies of the DSC.

NEW ZELAND SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES IN DISABILITY:

Ministry of social Development

Community Links are places where people can get help for a range of needs by a variety of social services and agencies. These services could range from simple financial assistance through to advocacy, support, education and counselling services.

Heartland Service Centres provide access to government services and information in rural communities. They provide an opportunity to meet face to face with government agency representatives.

Work and Income will support you while you’re not able to work and help you realise your work goals. When it’s right for you and your family, they can help you find part-time or full-time work, get training, or become self-employed.

Mainstream Employment Programme is provides work opportunities for people with significant disabilities in State Service Organisations.

Work and Income may be able to help you with living costs if you’re not able to work, or are working fewer hours because you’re disabled. They may be able to provide other assistance in certain circumstances such as funding for workplace changes to make it easier for you to stay in or get work.

Information for Carers is a practical guide for people caring for family or friends who have ill health or a disability.

Office for Disability Issues work actively with government agencies and the disability community to remove barriers and build opportunities for disabled people to participate and be included in everyday life.

Disability Perspective Toolkit helps government policy makers incorporate a disability perspective in their work. 

New Zealand Disability Strategy is a framework requiring government agencies to consider the needs of disabled New Zealanders when developing policies and services.

Think differently is a social change campaign to encourage and support a fundamental shift in attitudes and behaviour towards disabled people.

Accessing our Services NZSL video provides information about the services the Ministry offers is provided online in New Zealand Sign Language. This resource was produced in collaboration with Deaf Aotearoa New Zealand.

Ministry of Health and ACC Support

They provide disability support but obtain their funding differently and allocate it according to different obligations.

Under the injury prevention, rehabilitation and compensation act 2001, ACC provides a no-fault national accident compensations cheme, which funds support for people disabled as a result of personal injuries that are covered under the scheme.

MOH has to divide a capped pool of money to fund support with disabilities that are not accident-related such as home and community support services, residential services, support independent living, career support, and equipment modification services.

People with disabilities eligible for entitlements through ACC can in general obtain more support that those funded by other sources

Clearly identify and explain the international service delivery policy on aging from two countries, and shows similarities and differences between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand.

SIMILARITIES IN SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES FOR AGING:

Both Philippines and New Zealand have a sector in their respective countries that provide and monitor the health of their population specially the elderly. New Zealand has Ministry of health whereas Philippines have department of health who do same things as well. On the other hand, Malaysia and Philippines have similar policy with regards to subsidy policy in which elderly are entitled for financial support from government which is called pensions.

DIFFERENCE IN SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES FOR AGING:

Philippines has National Objectives for Health (2011-2016) that focuses on it’s primary goal of Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (KP), or universal health care. They also have PhilHealth, it is the country’s national health insurance program funded by the government. As well as health service dual delivery system in which public services are for poor people and private services are for people who can afford fee services. on the other hand, New Zealand have distinct culture compare to the other two countries, in which new Zealanders saves money for their future in a healthcare facility in later on the government subsidies there citizens while the other two has exceptional treatment with their elderly in which the family of the elderly are the ones who cares for them they don’t put their loved ones in a facility, because they believe that in caring for their elderly is the return of the love that their loved ones used to give when they are still young and capable.

PHILIPPINES SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES IN AGING:

Health system strategies, objectives and legislation

Health Functions are largely devolved to provinces and municipalities. The Local Government Code (1991) outlines the roles of different levels in health care, including barangay (village), municipality and province.

The Aquino Health Agenda: Achieving Universal Health Care for All Filipinos is the Philippines Government’s continuing commitment to health sector reform and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The National Objectives for Health (2011-2016) sets all the health program goals, strategies, performance indicators and targets that lead the health sector towards achieving it’s primary goal of Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (KP), or universal health care. The overall goal is to achieved the health system goals of financial risk protection, better health outcomes and responsive health system and it includes three strategic thrusts: 1) financial risk protection through expansion of the National Health Insurance Program, enrolment and benefit delivery 2) improved access to quality hospitals and health care facilities and 3) Attainment of the health –related MDGs The Aquino Health Agenda’s six strategic instruments are health financing, service delivery, policy, standards and regulation, governance, human resources, and health information.

PhilHealth, the country’s national health insurance program, is governed by the National Health Insurance Act of 1995 or the Republic Act 7875 which replaced the Medicare Act of 1969.

Service delivery model

The Department of Health (DOH) is responsible for developing health policies and programmes, regulation, performance monitoring and standards for public and private sectors, as well as provision of specialized and tertiary level care. The DOH Centres for Health and Development (CHDs) are the implementing agencies in provinces, cities and municipalities, and link national programs to Local government units (LGUs). The CHDs are the DOH offices at the regional level. They assist the LGUs in the development of ordinances and localization of national policies, provide guidelines on the implementation of national programs at the LGU levels, monitor program implementation, and develop support system for the delivery of services by LGUs.

Health service delivery has evolved into dual delivery systems of public and private provision, covering the entire range of interventions with varying degrees of emphasis at different health care levels. Public services are mostly used by the poor and near-poor, including communities in isolated and deprived areas. Private services are used by approximately 30 % of the population that can afford fee-for-service payments.

The provider network

In the public sector the Department of Health (DOH) delivers tertiary services, rehabilitative services and specialized healthcare, while the local government units (LGUs) deliver health promotion, disease prevention, primary, secondary, and long-term care. Primary health services are delivered in barangay (village) health stations, health centers, and at hospitals.

MALAYSIA SEVICE DELIVERY POLICIES IN AGING:

Social Protection System

Employee provident fund and social security organisation is a way in which the government pension scheme for civil servants, old age benefit scheme for the armed forces and private sector provident and pension funds. These different scheme provide protection for different contingencies such as disability for social security organisation and old age for and employess provident fund.

Pension

Is a non-contributory social security scheme for government employees. Pension expenditure is wholly borne by the federal government through annual allocation from the federal Budget. It is the pay-as-you-go plan. An employee who has served at least 10years is entitiled to receive a life long monthly pension upon retirement. The quantum receivable by an employee who has completed at least 25 years of service in the event that the government employee passes away while in service or after retirement.

NEW ZEALAND SERVICE DELIVERY POLICIES IN AGING:

Better public services

The Government’s "Better public services’ goal envisages people being able to access services when they need them, and the needs of different groups within the population being met. After hours services (including free after-hours GP visits for children under six), wrap-around services for older people, an integrated telephone service and better access to specialists and emergency services can all contribute to better health outcomes for New Zealanders.

Improving the health of older people

The Ministry’s work in this area includes providing more and better services to support older people to remain in their homes, better wrap-around care for older people and stronger monitoring of the aged residential care sector.

Clinical integration

Clinically integrated health care brings organisations and health care professionals together to improve outcomes for patients and provide a better patient experience. The Ministry will drive greater integration of services across the health system. Health professionals, service providers and DHBs will be supported to ensure patients and carers are placed at the centre of service delivery and a consistently high quality of care and service performance are delivered. 

Responsibly managing Government’s finances

Vote Health is a significant component of government expenditure. In addition to managing its own funding responsibly, the Ministry’s stewardship role means it also has a duty to ensure the wider health and disability system is being managed efficiently, productively and delivering continuous improvements in the health services New Zealanders receive.

Building a more productive and competitive economy

A strong health and disability system makes a direct contribution to the economy and economic growth. A healthier population means a healthier labour force. Good health allows people to learn and develop new skills, raising the country’s skill base.

Youth mental health

A considerable number of young New Zealanders experience mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse, which can have life-long consequences. Suicide rates among young people are tragically high. The Ministry of Health will contribute to cross-agency initiatives that will help prevent mental health problems developing and will improve access to specialised treatment for those who need it.

http://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_philippines.pdf

Ministry of Health. (2010). New Zealand Policy on Aging. Available: http://www.un.org/ageing/documents/workshops/Vienna/new_zealand.pdf. Last accessed 14 April 2013.

Ministry of Health. (2010). New Zealand Positive startegy. Available: http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/planning-strategy/positive-ageing/index.html. Last accessed 14 April 2013.