Societies And Cultures Changing

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Society is described as a group of citizens who act together to allocate a frequent culture in a particular location. Therefore society and culture are both intricately connected because the culture is consisting of the society's objects; while the society is consisting of the group of citizens who allocate a widespread culture. Nowadays, there are 6 billion people who make such terms and lost some of its value since the increasing numbers of people and split possessions internationally or using society and culture in a more traditional sense. The two terms of society and culture may be changed due to some causes that include two general categories, as; materialistic and idealistic factors.

Materialistic perspectives

Material factors are the primary cause of social and cultural change, as it usually means; economic factors (natural resources, wealth), and technology used in economic production. The most influential classic thinkers to adopt this approach were; Karl Marx, and William Ogburn. The new technology of economic production produce changes in social interaction, social organization, cultural values, beliefs, and norms. Technology can cause change in three ways, as;

Increasing the alternatives available in a society.

Modifying the interaction patterns among people.

Creating new problems to be dealt with.

Idealistic perspectives

Ideational aspects of culture include both knowledge and beliefs; values are assumptions about what is desirable and undesirable; and ideology means a more or less organized combination of beliefs and values that serves to justify or legitimize forms of human action. Perhaps the classic thinker in sociology who argued most persuasively that ideational culture can have a causative role in social change were; Max Weber, and Guenter Lewy. Some set of ideas and values can promote changes in one time and place and retard change at others.

2) Why are social movements emerging? Discuss this!

Social movements are important processes by which human agency becomes manifest in producing social and cultural change since they are collective actions to produce or prevent change that is outside the established instructional framework of society. Social movements in its two types of; reform movements and instrumental movements are basic avenues by which social change takes place in societies. Social movements can be distinguished from other social forms because; they exist outside the institutional framework of everyday life, and are in some way oriented toward a degree of social change. There are lots of perspectives about the reason of emerging the social movement, as; individual explanations, micro-social explanations, and macro-structural explanations

Individual explanations, which explain the origins of social movements by focusing on the psychological characteristics of individuals. Theses explanations are basically collective psychology perspectives that argue that the emergence of social movements is caused by the shared disposition of individual participants that include; irrationality and crowds, rational choice, and social movements.

Micro-social explanation, which focus on the small-scale level. The focus is often social psychological to examine the relationship and interaction between individuals and group or social settings and conditions. The micro-social level theories about the origins of social movements include three perspectives, as; relatives deprivation, status strains, and micro-structural mobilization contexts.

Macro-structural explanations, which may incorporate some of the assumptions of micro theories, but the emphasis is on understanding the development of social movements in terms of broad social conditions. We will describe macro explanations within both the functionalist and conflict traditions.

3) What the social consequences of the invention of the birth control pill are?

The birth control pills significantly shaped the curse of history in the twentieth century as it create new possibilities, but also problems and dilemmas which create new health and reproductive potentials before society recognized or addressed the ethical, moral and legal issues they raised. Birth control pills are recognized to influence women’s taste in men, at least in laboratory experimentations. Now a study of real world combines advises that this pills connected favorite changes might have long term consequences for a relationship’s quality and outcome.

The birth control pills have positive consequences and negative consequences in the same time especially with none renewing communities like Germany and other countries. Its positive side on society as it raises the lifestyle level and it have an effect on population on the crowded cities it have many positive sides; socially, educationally, and on the public health. Some countries are still with the same population number since 2000; this makes these countries to encourage the citizen to get more children and welcome the immigrants and also Canada. Hence, social consequences of the invention of the birth control pill differ according to the nature of the society.

Inventing the birth control pill made lots of people able to see something revolutionary in its idea as the first medical development that had been created for a purely social rather than a therapeutic purpose. The development of the birth control pill sprang from the early twentieth century movement to make birth control information and products available to the public, a movement that was strengthened.

Such pills emerged from individuals who were committed to the idea of a safe, reliable, and-most important-female-controlled type of contraception. Thus, although the scientific and biological components that led to the creation of the pill was largely due to the pharmaceutical companies. The drive, the need, and the financing, which made the movement possible, came from these women.

4- What is globalization? Discuss this!

In circumstances of accelerating global integration, the nation-state has become too small for the big problems and too big for the small problems of life. The heart of such globalization, however, was global economic managerialism that aimed to stabilize the world market system. The new global managers included transnational political, banking, and corporate elites that have a shared interest in an expanding and stable global economy.

Globalization and global management replaces older ideas arid agendas about development that was as organized separately by nations, but the notion of development has not lost its currency. Its frame of reference has shifted, particularly by emerging nongovernmental organizations that fill the vacuum as governments increasingly cannot assist groups and causes smaller than nations.

Globalization has son dark sides regarding the social consequences that have three long term social manifestation, which are;

Growing global labor surplus that generates global migrations because the labor is becoming redundant on a worldwide basis.

Intensification of informal economic activity because it is accompanied by the rapid growth of informal or marginal economic activity.

Growing crisis of declining government legitimacy at national levels because globalization is an erosion of governmental legitimacy. the erosion of legitimacy takes many forms, as; foreign ownership of important national resources, unraveling of political coalitions important to national development projects, dismantling of social services to need people, and growth of a global criminal economy with resources that rival many states.

However, there are some of consequences of globalization have elicited social responses among diverse nations around the world, these consequences include; democratization, fundamentalism, environmentalism, feminism, and cosmopolitan localism.